基于微机的X射线分析自动测量系统

本文介绍了一个基于微机的X射线分析自动测量系统。该系统有三个基本功能:自动获取数据、自动换样和处理谱数据。     

硫对注入YSZ单晶的金属铂在退火过程中结晶的影响

秀卢瑟福背散射－沟道技术（ＲＢＳ－Ｃ）和Ｘ射线衍射技术（ＸＲＤ）研究了Ｐｔ和注入ＹＳＺ（Ｙ２Ｏ３稳定的ＺｒＯ２）后产生的损伤和退火过程中损伤的恢复及注入Ｐｔ的晶化，ＲＢＳ－Ｃ分析表明ＹＳＺ室温下的存在较强自退火效应，ＸＲＤ分析结果示出硫以铂的晶化产生很大影响。     

EXL能谱仪薄样品X线的定量分析

研究了Link公司能谱仪中RTS软件（薄膜定量分析软件）可靠性及适用性。实验结果表明：RTS软件定量分析结果误差较小。但对C、N、O等轻元素定量分析，试样厚度小于1500以下时，结果才比较可靠。     

Comparison of interfaces in Ti composites reinforced with uncoated and TiB2/C-coated SiC fibres

Interfaces play an important role in determining the mechanical properties of composite materials. The interfaces established between a titanium-alloy matrix (Ti-6Al-4V) and uncoated and TiB₂/C-coated SiC fibres are analysed by scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray techniques. Emphasis is placed upon the interfacial morphology and microstructure, identification of reaction products, and the stability of the coating layer. Complex multi-reaction layers are observed frequently in the interfacial zones. Previous, often contradictory, reports about the interlayers are reviewed. Experimental observation demonstrates that the type and distribution of interlayers vary in a given system, due to prolonged treatment of the samples at temperature. The formation and distribution of the interlayers are discussed further, with respect to these and previous findings. Methods of reducing interfacial reactivity are discussed.     

大气激光通信中的光斑特性模拟和验证

根据空-地大气激光通信信道的特性,基于惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,应用夫琅禾费圆孔衍射的算法,对光波强度和光斑图像在光束截面内的分布进行分析及计算,研究了传输距离、发射孔径、激光波长以及湍流结构常数等对光斑形状及光强分布的影响。利用对数正态分布建立了大气湍流信道模型,通过对不同传输距离条件下光斑上不同点的光强分布进行计算统计和仿真分析,实验和仿真结果表明：光斑的光强分布图样服从贝塞尔分布。因此,在相同的大气湍流条件下,选择较长波长激光和较大孔径的发射器,可以有效降低光强闪烁引起的衰减,从而提高大气激光的通信质量。     

Poly(oxyphosphazenes): A unifying look at structure and morphology

Variations in thermotropic behavior have been investigated for many crystalline polyphosphazenes. Experimental results obtained from DSC, solid-state MAS NMR, dilatometry, mechanical property (creep and dynamic) measurements, birefringence, X-ray (wide and small-angle), and electron diffraction have been made as a function of temperature in an attempt to elucidate the structure-morphology behavior in these polymers. Initially all polyphosphazenes described in this study crystallize from dilute or moderately concentrated solutions in the monoclinic form with relatively low crystallinity (50%). When heated, these specimens expand atT(1) and adopt a chain-extended 2D mesophase morphology in order to relieve congestion. Above this first-orderT(1) temperature a chain-extended –P=N– chain backbone morphology transforms into an isotropic phase at the melting temperatureT _m. When cooled, samples transform into the mesostate. However, crystallization from the mesophase belowT(1) takes place into a 3D orthorhombic state. These two modes of ordering/disordering are in accordance with (i) a hexatic chain packing [betweenT(1) andT _m] with variously mobile side groups that also exhibits smectic features when mesogenic side groups are present and (ii) a 3D orthorhombic structure of high crystallinity belowT(1). The initial monoclinic phase is accessible only via a solution crystallization route. Solid-state MAS NMR, crystallization kinetic measurements, and optical microscopy studies obtained from oriented and unoriented polymers have been especially germane in providing a unifying picture for mesophase formation and ordering in polyoxyphosphazenes. X-ray and electron diffraction evidence is complicated by critical overlapping peaks that are found under these same conditions. They demonstrate that (a) positional disorder exists along the chain direction and (b) the side chain above, as well as below, theT(1) transition is governed by the mobility, size, and type of side group in circumstances where phase transformations occur.     

X-ray spectroscopy and local structures in glasses

X-ray spectroscopy which is a combination of two techniques, namely x-ray absorption near edge structure (xanes) and extended x-ray absorption fine structure (EXAFS) analyses, is a unique technique for the study of local structures in glasses. Availability of synchrotron radiation sources has made the technique quite attractive and useful because the photon flux from synchrotrons is very intense and polarized. In this article, a brief summary ofxanes andEXAFS techniques is given along with a few applications to the study of local structures in glasses. Communication No. 323 from Solid State and Structural Chemistry Unit.     

X射线机不是计量器具

计量学的基本理论指出，X射线机不具有计量器具的属性。国家的计量法规并未将X射线机定为计量器具。目前存在的JJG 40—2001《X射线探伤机》检定规程，将X射线探伤机与X射线检测技术相互混淆，将X射线探伤机的某些技术性能，说成所谓的X射线探伤机的“计量性能”，不仅违反计量学基本理论，而且也不符合射线检测技术实际。从计量学理论和射线检验实际经验只能得到X射线机不是计量器具的结论。     

低碳钢显微结构的EBSD表征

近年来,新开发的电子背散射衍射技术将多晶材料的显微组织、微区成分与结晶学数据分析联系起来,能对晶界类型、取向、位向差和结构及其分布进行观察、统计测定和定量分析,从而建立了晶界结构、取向和织构等与多晶材料性能的定量和半定量关系,成为现代材料研究的重要实验技术。笔者结合低碳钢生产中的一些实际问题,扼要介绍了电子背散射衍射技术中的晶体取向图在多晶材料显微结构表征中的应用。