高氮马氏体不锈钢3Cr13N的耐腐蚀机理

利用盐雾腐蚀试验箱,在1%Na Cl溶液、温度(60±2)℃条件下,对经过1020℃淬火+170℃回火处理后的高氮马氏体不锈钢3Cr13N和马氏体不锈钢3Cr13进行了6 h盐雾试验的对比研究,并用金相、能谱分析和X-线衍射分析等方法对试样进行了分析。结果表明,试验材料的腐蚀形态主要表现为点蚀,主要出现在试样中M23C6型夹杂物界面和晶界附近。3Cr13N试样中出现的点蚀百分比为0.55%,而3Cr13试样中则为1.15%。认为高氮马氏体不锈钢3Cr13N耐腐蚀的主要原因是M23C6型夹杂物数量较马氏体不锈钢3Cr13少。由于氮的加入,增加了Cr2N型氮化物的析出倾向,减少了M23C6型高铬含量的碳化物的析出,这在一定程度上减少了基体Cr的缺失,从而提高了3Cr13N的耐腐蚀性能。     

采用磁控溅射法在Si(100)生长InN薄膜及其禁带宽度与拉曼的测试

本文采用磁控溅射法在Si(100)衬底上生长出高取向性和多种微观形貌的InN薄膜,其中铟作为铟靶,氮气作为氮源。x射线衍射(XRD)法和x射线光电子能谱(XPS)表明所有衍射峰和标准的纤锌矿晶型的InN一致,并且在 (101), (100)和(002)方向具有极高的取向度。扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和能带衍射谱表明,可以生长出高质量的不同微观结构的InN晶体薄膜,尤其是溅射功率为60W,溅射压强为0.4Pa时表现为标准的正六边形结构。在室温下并且激发波长为λ= 633的拉曼测试表明,可以通过E₂(High)峰计算出InN薄膜的应力,由于微观结构的不同导致应力值也不同,A₁(LO)峰值比较低是由于迁移率较高导致。紫外吸收测试可以计算出的能带宽度分别为1.07 eV,1.13 eV,1.32 eV。XRD、SEM、XPS、霍尔效应,紫外吸收和拉曼光谱证明生长出的不同微观结构的薄膜可以适应各种需求的传感器和其他设备。     

燃气管道埋地前后焊接残余应力变化规律研究

针对北京市天然气埋地管道焊接残余应力的定量评价问题,从管道螺旋及对接焊后的残余应力水平、埋地后残余应力的变化趋势、不同土壤环境的影响出发,选择工程常用的X65(A类)、Q235B(B类)材料各6根实验管道,将其分别置于6个不同的典型环境中(5处地下,1处室内),进行为期1年的自然腐蚀,应用X射线法对两类管道埋地前后的相同位置进行焊接残余应力跟踪检测。结果表明:A、B类管道焊后最大应力分别为0.35σ0.2和0.63σ0.2,埋地一年后最大应力分别为0.19σ0.2和0.40σ0.2,分别降低了46%和37%;经过1年的埋地实验后,所有测点残余应力下降幅度为10%~50%;对于Mises应力水平,B类管道较高,更容易发生应力腐蚀;各管道残余应力变化与埋地位置无明显相关性。     

Crystal Structure,Chemical Bonding and Magnetism Studies for Three Quinary Polar Intermetallic Compounds in the (Eu1?xCax)9In8(Ge1?ySny)8 (x = 0.66, y = 0.03) and the (Eu1?xCax)3In(Ge3?ySn1+y) (x = 0.66, 0.68; y = 0.13, 0.27) Phases

Three quinary polar intermetallic compounds in the (Eu_1−xCa_x)₉In₈(Ge_1−ySn_y)₈ (x = 0.66, y = 0.03) and the (Eu_1−xCa_x)₃In(Ge_3-ySn_1+y) (x = 0.66, 0.68; y = 0.13, 0.27) phases have been synthesized using the molten In-metal flux method, and the crystal structures are characterized by powder and single-crystal X-ray diffractions. Two orthorhombic structural types can be viewed as an assembly of polyanionic frameworks consisting of the In(Ge/Sn)₄ tetrahedral chains, the bridging Ge₂ dimers, either the annulene-like “12-membered rings” for the (Eu_1−xCa_x)₉In₈(Ge_1−ySn_y)₈ series or the cis-trans Ge/Sn-chains for the (Eu_1−xCa_x)₃In(Ge_3−ySn_1+y) series, and several Eu/Ca-mixed cations. The most noticeable difference between two structural types is the amount and the location of the Sn-substitution for Ge: only a partial substitution (11%) occurs at the In(Ge/Sn)₄ tetrahedron in the (Eu_1−xCa_x)₉In₈(Ge_1−ySn_y)₈ series, whereas both a complete and a partial substitution (up to 27%) are observed, respectively, at the cis-trans Ge/Sn-chain and at the In(Ge/Sn)₄ tetrahedron in the (Eu_1−xCa_x)₃In(Ge_3−ySn_1+y) series. A series of tight-binding linear muffin-tin orbital calculations is conducted to understand overall electronic structures and chemical bonding among components. Magnetic susceptibility measurement indicates a ferromagnetic ordering of Eu atoms below 5 K for Eu_1.02(1)Ca_1.98InGe_2.87(1)Sn_1.13.     

多层膜Laue透镜对10 keV硬X射线聚焦性能的理论计算

采用NbC/Si材料组合设计多层膜Laue透镜,总膜厚为40μm,利用衍射动力学理论分析多层膜Laue透镜对硬X射线的衍射效率及聚焦分辨率。通过两种方法提高多层膜Laue透镜的分辨率。第一种方式是减小膜层的最外层宽度,该方法要求结构必须是楔型结构,制备极其困难。第二种方法是使用多层膜Laue透镜的高级次,该方法在不增加制备难题的前提下能有效提高分辨率。通过使用多层膜Laue透镜的-3级次,对10keV硬X射线获得了分辨率为6.72nm,衍射效率为49.31%的聚焦光斑。     

BOXA型载流X荧光分析仪本底校正技术的研究与实现（增刊）

BOXA载流X荧光分析仪用于选矿生产过程中矿浆金属元素的在线测量。相比粉末样,矿浆光谱本底情况更加复杂,直接影响分析仪的精度指标。本文针对BOXA分析仪的工作原理,系统分析了矿浆光谱的特点,选择最佳本底校正方法并进行验证。     

苯乙烯/马来酸酐接枝对聚丙烯树脂的β成核作用

研究苯乙烯/马来酸酐接枝对聚丙烯成核结晶行为的影响.结果表明:采用接枝诱导β晶型聚丙烯生成的方法是可行的,样品的β含量最高可迭30%以上,且适用于多种PP基体.     

PCB组装领域中的X-射线检测技术

高密度封装技术的飞速发展也给测试技术提出了新挑战。为了应对挑战,新的测试技术不断涌现,X-射线（X-ray）检测技术就是其中之一,它能有效控制BGA的焊接和组装质量。现在X-ray检测系统不仅仅只是用在实验室失效分析,已经被专门设计用于生产环境中的PCB组装和半导体行业,提供高分辨率的X-ray系统。本文扼要地介绍X-ray检测技术的原理及应用,指出了X-ray检测技术是保证电子组装质量的必要手段。     

Growth of highly (1 1 1) oriented CuIn0.75Al0.25Se2 thin films

CuIn_0.75Al_0.25Se₂ thin films prepared onto glass substrates at T_S=573 K were single phase, nearly stoichiometric and polycrystalline with a strong (1 1 1) preferred orientation showing sphalerite structure. The results of X-ray diffraction and electron diffraction studies are compared, interpreted and correlated with micro-Raman spectra. The optical absorption studies indicated a direct band gap of 1.16 eV with high absorption coefficient (>10⁴ cm^?1) near the fundamental absorption edge.     

Shear-induced orientation in polymer/clay dispersions via in situ X-ray scattering

We report in situ X-ray scattering measurements of shear-induced orientation in polymer-clay dispersions. Two different organically modified clays, montmorillonite and fluorohectorite, are dispersed in a low molecular weight, viscous polymer melt, facilitating studies at room temperature. Orientation measurements are performed in the flow-gradient plane, allowing characterization of both the average degree and direction of particle orientation during shear. In all cases, the orientation angle is finite, indicating systematic misalignment of the particle long axes relative to the flow direction. In concentrated fluorohectorite and montmorillonite dispersions, anisotropy and orientation angle are roughly independent of shear rate, and negligible relaxation is observed upon flow cessation. Conversely, a lower concentration montmorillonite sample exhibits orientation that is more responsive to shear flow, and partially relaxes upon flow cessation. In this sample, the orientation behavior is interpreted in light of rotational diffusion of the clay particles. This same sample exhibits oscillatory structural dynamics upon shear flow reversal, attributed to tumbling rotations of the disk-like clay particles in shear. Large-amplitude oscillatory shear is similarly demonstrated to be capable of inducing significant particle orientation; the degree of orientation is principally determined by the applied strain amplitude. Complementary measurements of rheological properties exhibit many characteristics commonly reported in polymer-clay nanocomposites. Based on the structural measurements reported here, the rheological phenomena are interpreted to arise from a combination of flow-induced particle orientation and rate- and time-dependent destruction or reformation of particle networks.