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11.
超稠油三元复合吞吐技术 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:2
辽河油田曙一区超稠油蒸汽吞吐井随吞吐轮次增高,地层亏空严重,周期递减迅速,采油成本增加.辽河油田特种油开发公司研究的超稠油三元复合吞吐技术,通过CO2、表面活性剂的注入,产生调剖、溶解、降粘等综合作用,有效改善了超稠油在地层的流动性,提高蒸汽吞吐效果.自2002年9月开始对该技术的施工工艺和施工参数进行不断改进与完善,初步形成适合于超稠油油藏地质特点的三元复合吞吐工艺技术.至2005年底,累计实施340井次,措施有效率86.1%,平均单并周期增油494 t,投入产出比为1:5.3,取得了明显的增油效果,经济效益显著,为超稠油油井高效稳产、增产提供了一条有效途径. 相似文献
12.
北部湾盆地福山凹陷CO2气成因探讨 总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1
北部湾盆地福山凹陷油气钻探中发现了高含CO2气的天然气气藏。对CO2气稳定碳同位素、伴生稀有气体氦和氩同位素进行了分析研究,结果显示,福山凹陷CO2气稳定碳同位素偏重,(13CCO2为-5.01~-10.08‰,绝大多数样品大于-7.0‰,为无机成因CO2气特征;伴生稀有气体氦同位素3He/4He值为(4.74~5.03)×10-6,R/Ra值为3.38~3.59;伴生稀有气体氩同位素40Ar/36Ar值为1881~2190,也显示出幔源或壳幔混合CO2气的特征。综合判定认为,福山凹陷CO2为壳幔混合成因。始新统流沙港组岩浆岩体分布特征与CO2气藏分布范围基本一致,也表明幔源-岩浆可能是福山凹陷CO2气的主要来源。与南海北部边缘盆地其它地区如珠江口盆地西部、琼东南盆地东部CO2气成因一致,都为幔源-岩浆来源,或壳幔混合来源。 相似文献
13.
含硫化氢气井钻井过程中的腐蚀因素与防护研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在含硫气井的钻井过程中对于HRC大于22的钻具钢材除了腐蚀疲劳之外,在pH值小于9的环境中会发生硫化物应力腐蚀破裂,这种破坏比腐蚀疲劳更突然、更快,使钻杆大量损坏。含硫气井在钻井过程中,由于湿硫化氢的出现,常常会出现油管、套管、钻井设备、钻井仪器以及对支持保护管柱的水泥环柱等腐蚀和损坏问题,为此,阐述了湿硫化氢的腐蚀特点、机理,归纳总结了影响腐蚀的因素,综述了如何在这些方面防止其腐蚀,使损失减小,为指导油管、套管防腐工程实践提供了依据。建议在钻井过程中采用碱性钻井液,其pH值可到9或更高(至pH值12),以减缓或防止钻井过程中电化学从硫化物应力腐蚀破裂;含硫气井用的钻杆应该间歇使用。钻杆停用堆置时间可使其放氢,使钻杆恢复韧性,防止硫化物应力腐蚀断裂。 相似文献
14.
15.
Diphenylzinc, alone or in combination with water and butanone as coinitiators, was used as a polymerization initiator system for a variety of lactones at varying temperatures. The resulting data indicate that the course of the polymerization is greatly influenced by the lactone structure, as well as by the molar ratio of coinitiator to diphenylzinc. When used alone, diphenylzinc exhibited high activity as an initiator in δ‐valerolactone polymerizations, although it was less efficient when used in the β‐butyrolactone and the β‐propiolactone polymerizations. Activity in the polymerization of β‐lactones was increased by adding small amounts of butanone or water. It was also observed that the diphenylzinc–butanone combination was more effective than the diphenylzinc–water mixture in the polymerizations of β‐butyrolactone and β‐propiolactone. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
16.
Use of the Retarded Solution-Reprecipitation Process to Attain a Higher Initial Permeability in MnZn Ferrites 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Miha Drofenik rej nidari Darko Makovec 《Journal of the American Ceramic Society》2003,86(9):1601-1604
We investigated the effect of various amounts of liquid phase on microstructure development during sintering and the resulting magnetic permeability of MnZn ferrite (MZF) samples. Our results revealed that the microstructure and the final magnetic permeability depend on the thickness of the liquid-phase film during sintering. The solution-reprecipitation (S-R) process, which is associated with an intensive microstructure development in MZF, starts when a continuous liquid-phase film of critical thickness δo , which wets the MZF grains, is formed. The solid-state sintering that takes place before the formation of the continuous liquid-phase film is essential for the final microstructure of MZF. 相似文献
17.
A cell vertex finite volume method for the solution of steady compressible turbulent flow problems on unstructured hybrid
meshes of tetrahedra, prisms, pyramids and hexahedra is described. These hybrid meshes are constructed by firstly discretising
the computational domain using tetrahedral elements and then by merging certain tetrahedra. A one equation turbulence model
is employed and the solution of the steady flow equations is obtained by explicit relaxation. The solution process is accelerated
by the addition of a multigrid method, in which the coarse meshes are generated by agglomeration, and by parallelisation.
The approach is shown to be effective for the simulation of a number of 3D flows of current practical interest.
Sponsored by The Research Council of Norway, project number 125676/410
Dedicated to the memory of Prof. Mike Crisfield, a respected colleague 相似文献
18.
Mitsuo Miyazawa Hideki Kawazoe Mitsuro Hyakumachi 《Journal of chemical technology and biotechnology (Oxford, Oxfordshire : 1986)》2003,78(6):620-625
The microbial transformation of l‐menthol ( 1 ) was investigated by using 12 isolates of soil‐borne plant pathogenic fungi, Rhizoctonia solani (AG‐1‐IA Rs24, Joichi‐2, RRG97‐1; AG‐1‐IB TR22, R147, 110.4; AG‐1‐IC F‐1, F‐4, P‐1; AG‐1‐ID RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7) as a biocatalyst. Rhizoctonia solani F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1 showed 89.7–99.9% yields of converted product from 1 , RCP‐1, RCP‐3, and RCP‐7 26.0–26.9% and the other isolates 0.1–12.0%. In the cases of F‐1, F‐4 and P‐1, substrate 1 was converted to (?)‐(1S,3R,4S,6S)‐6‐hydroxymenthol ( 2 ), (?)‐(1S,3R,4S)‐1‐hydroxymenthol ( 3 ) and (+)‐(1S,3R,4R,6S)‐6,8‐dihydroxymenthol ( 4 ), which was a new compound. Substrate 1 was converted to 2 and/or 3 by RRG97‐1, 110.4, RCP‐1, RCP‐3 and RCP‐7. The structures of the metabolic products were elucidated on the basis of their spectral data. In addition, metabolic pathways of the biotransformation of 1 by Rhizoctonia solani are discussed. Finally, from the main component analysis and the differences in the yields of converted product from 1 , the 12 isolates of Rhizoctonia solani were divided into three groups based on an analysis of the metabolites. Copyright © 2003 Society of Chemical Industry 相似文献
19.
20.
Gas/liquid mass transfer has been investigated using a stirred vessel gas/liquid contactor using non‐Newtonian media and carbon dioxide as absorbent and gas phase, respectively. The volumetric mass transfer coefficients at different operational variables have been determined. Non‐Newtonian media (liquid phase) were prepared as aqueous solutions of sodium carboxymethyl cellulose salt. The influence of the rheological properties, polymer concentration, stirring rate, and gas flow rate on mass transfer was studied for these liquid phases. Kinematic viscosity and density experimental data were used to calculate the average molecular weight corresponding to the polymer employed. The Ostwald model has been used to fit the rheological behavior of aqueous solutions of the polymer employed as absorbent phase. Reasonably good agreement was found between the predictions of the proposed models and the experimental data of mass transfer coefficients. 相似文献