Development and validation of a computer attitude measure for young students (CAMYS)

An important aspect in successfully implementing instructional technology in educational settings is user acceptance, which is greatly influenced by users’ attitudes towards computers. Today, computers have become an integral part of instruction at all levels of education and it is important for educators and policy makers to understand how various factors interact with the user’s characteristics to influence the teaching and learning process involving the use of computers. Over the years, many scales have been developed to measure computer attitudes of secondary students and adults. Few have been develop to be used for students in the primary schools. The aim of this study is to develop and validate a computer attitude measure for young students (CAMYS). The revised 12-item CAMYS was piloted with 256 students aged 10–12 with a mean of 11.9 years (SD = 0.31). Several statistical analyses were performed to assess the reliability and validity of the measure. The measure, together with suggestions for administration and scoring are included.     

Young female drivers in New Zealand

While a considerable amount is known about young male drivers both in New Zealand and overseas, research attention concerning female drivers of any age including those under the age of 25 has been far less prevalent. The present paper explores the reasons behind the historically low research interest in this population of road users, and seeks to provide information on the current status of young female drivers^† in New Zealand, with regard to both travel patterns and crash involvement statistics. The findings of the present study suggest that the exposure to risk of this group has increased with greater licensing and kilometreage. Increased crash involvement was identified for this group, a finding accentuated by the fact that this has occurred concurrent with a decrease in crash involvement of young male drivers. Drink driving patterns of this group are discussed, in response to the finding that the crash involvement and number of drink-drive convictions of females 15–24 have increased over time. Implications for research and countermeasures are outlined.     

Examining Extrinsic Factors that Influence Product Acceptance: A Review

Drivers of liking (DOL) studies are useful for product development to formulate acceptable products; however, DOL alone are insufficient for understanding why a product is purchased and repurchased, which is ultimately the indication of a successful product. Ultimately sensory attributes drive product success (that is, repeat and continued purchase). However, ignoring the importance of extrinsic factors may neglect the vital product attributes responsible for the initial purchase, which may in turn, affect repeat purchase. The perception of sensory attributes assessed by DOL is mitigated by external perceptions of quality. If the sensory attributes do not deliver based upon the quality cues, the product will not be acceptable. Four key extrinsic factors that affect DOL are the perceived satiety, brand and labeling, price, and the emotional impact to decision making. In order to more thoroughly understand what the DOL for a product is, these 4 product cues should be considered in conjunction with sensory attribute perception to gain a holistic understanding of product acceptance.     

Ensuring the future of functional foods

Consumption of functional foods suggests a strategy to reduce the incidence of chronic health disorders. This message has resonated with consumers and driven market growth. Functional food research has significantly increased over the last decade but few studies have addressed the bioavailability of active ingredients for clinical efficacy. Baked goods such as bread, biscuits and cake are popular categories for innovation due to their widespread consumption. These new developments have often impacted on organoleptic properties of the finished products and thus consumer acceptance. Blending of bioactive ingredients may overcome this deficit. However, an understanding of the role of the microbiome in health has indicated that the efficacy of functional foods is unlikely to be uniform within the population. Further growth in the functional foods market, is likely to require greater evidence of the bioavailability of active ingredients, clinical effect and support for health claims by regulators especially in the EU.     

Young citizens’ knowledge and perceptions of bioenergy and future policy implications

In the past few years extensive discussions on bioenergy has been both positive and negative. In Europe, the image of bioenergy appears to be low with lack of broad public support. Previous studies show that younger people are unsure about many issues surrounding renewable energy. The aim of this study was to investigate the knowledge and perceptions of bioenergy among pupils in North Karelia, Finland. Data drawn from 495 ninth grade students indicate that the majority of them lack in-depth knowledge about different renewable energy sources, including bioenergy. Only a small percentage has a ‘high’ level of knowledge about bioenergy and the majority indicates critical perceptions of it. Statistically significant gender differences are not apparent. Girls appear to be more knowledgeable than boys. Results also show a clear ‘urban’ and ‘rural’ difference in perceptions of bioenergy. Perceptions of urban respondents being more positive than that of their rural counterparts. Developing collaboration between future bioenergy policies and bioenergy education for younger citizens is necessary for their engagement in critical debates on bioenergy.     

基于Lua的Linux内核测试工具开发

为减小传统的通过编写大量代码来调用Linux内核及驱动接口进行测试的编程难度,缩短测试周期,采用将Lua脚本语言载入Linux内核并使用脚本语言进行内核及驱动测试的方法,设计并实现一种简易Linux内核驱动测试工具。实验结果表明,该工具所占用的Linux内核空间小,使用灵活方便,可对内核及驱动模块进行准确有效的测试。     

欲穷千里目更上一层楼

文章通过介绍中外合作设计项目“华润大厦”办公楼，阐述了在合作设计过程中几点体会。首先是看到了差距；其次是为了缩短差距，国内建筑师特别是青年建筑师，应该打好基础，从规模了，功能较单一的工程做起，积累经验，并且有选择地积极借鉴国外先进的设计思想和手法；最后呼吁改革现有设计体制中某些不合理的机制和为青年建筑师创作提供较为宽松的环境以及提高他们的社会地位。     

Practicing in relation to the outcome of the driving test

In Sweden, a written and a driving test must be passed for licensure, and these two examinations are the only means of verifying that learner drivers have acquired the competencies stipulated in the national curriculum. The present study investigated 18-24-year olds regarding the effects of personal background and mode of driver education instruction on the outcome of the driving test. This was done by analysing the following for individual subjects: data on practicing obtained using a questionnaire, and test results of license tests. The results suggest that among the candidates under study, there are equal opportunities in the context of obtaining a driver's license independent of a person's background. The rate of passing was higher for those who started behind-the-wheel training at 16 and applied to take the driving test via a driving school, than for those who started the training at an older age and applied to take the test in person. It was also found that the probability of passing the test was greater if there is successful cooperation between learner and driving school instructor, and if a large proportion of the training been devoted to the task speed adaptation.     

广义极大算子的加权Φ—不等式

定义了一类很一般的由开集族构成的广义极大算子,建立了该算子的加权强型和弱型Φ不等式     

Age and gender differences in photo tagging gratifications

The immense popularity of Facebook use among people from varying demographic groups has attracted the attention of communication scholars. While much is known about the age and gender differences in Facebook usage patterns and the general gratifications underlying its use, minimal attention has been paid to examining the age and gender differences among adolescents and young adults. Using multiple cross-sectional studies with Indian adolescent and young-adult photo-taggers, this study investigated (a) the age and gender differences in the photo-tagging gratifications of adolescents (12–18 years), (b) how photo-tagging gratifications among adolescents change over historical time, (c) the effect of different interactions among age, gender and the effect of time on the sought photo-tagging gratifications of adolescents, and (d) the age and gender differences between adolescent and young-adult photo-taggers. Theoretical and practical implications for new media research and practice are presented.