D.s.c. investigation of the states of water in poly(vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) membranes

The state of water in water-swollen poly(vinyl alcohol-co-itaconic acid) membranes, having various water contents from 0.31 to 0.83, was investigated by d.s.c. measurements and compared with those in water-swollen poly(vinyl alcohol) membranes. The amount of freezing water in the membranes was estimated by use of a relationship between the phase transition temperature and the enthalpy of the crystallization of supercooled water. The melting temperature of the water in the membranes immersed in urea and NaCl 0–2 mol l^?1 aqueous solutions was also determined by d.s.c. analysis. The present study proposes a method for estimating the solubilities of urea and NaCl in both of the freezing and the non-freezing water using the melting point depression of the freezing water in the membranes immersed in the solute solution.     

快速高效隔膜压滤机在鹤壁四矿选煤厂的应用

介绍了快速高效隔膜压滤机的主要性能参数和特点 ;分析了压滤机在煤泥水处理系统中的应用情况和运行结果 ;应用快速高效隔膜压滤机对煤泥水处理系统进行改造后获得了较好的经济及社会效益     

乙苯/乙烯烷基化反应中EA-8402分子筛催化剂的失活动力学研究

用内循环无梯度反应器,在593～633K范围内考察了在乙苯/乙烯进行定向烷基化反应合成对二乙苯时,EA-8402分子筛催化剂的失活行为,建立了相应的失活动力学模型: -da/dt=0.3271exp(-12.94/T)P_(EB)~(0.02)P_(E(?))~(0.383)·α这一模型可作为该反应的宏观动力学模型的补充。由失活级数d=1,按Levenspiel判据推断:其失活机理应该是不受内扩散阻力控制的平行-连串失活。     

Effect of incipient removal of hydrogen through palladium membrane on the conversion of methane steam reforming: Experimental and modeling

This paper presents a mathematical model based on the reaction rate expressions to describe the displacement of methane conversion in the steam reforming. The effect of several parameters including weight hourly space velocity (WHSV), load-to-surface ratio, reaction pressure, hydrogen partial pressure in permeate side and reaction temperature were investigated. Simulation and experimental results showed that a conversion higher than 80% could be achieved in a palladium membrane reactor at reaction temperature of 500 °C relative to 850 °C in a conventional fixed bed reactor (FBR). Besides, the yield of CO (<2%) in membrane reactor was much lower than that (>50%) in the FBR, which indicated the significant depression of CO production in use of membrane reactor.     

Mechanosynthesis of complex oxides and preparation of mixed conducting nanocomposites for catalytic membrane reactors

Nanopowders of LaGaO₃- and LaMnO₃-based complex perovskites (P) and ceria-based fluorites (F) were prepared by mechanosynthesis. Compatible nanocomposites F + P and P + P with mixed ion and electron conducting (MIEC) properties were prepared and sintered at moderate temperatures up to dense ceramics. The obtained materials were studied by means of XRD, SEM, TEM, electrical conductivity measurements, temperature programmed (TP) reduction/oxidation and preliminary estimations of permeability were obtained. A new strategy based on the advantages of the mechanochemical ceramic approach is proposed to design multilayer ceramic membranes for CMR. Casting technology and one-step sintering were used for the production of thin film membranes with MIEC properties on porous substrates. The coarse fraction of as-milled powders from agglomerates with density 70% was used for the porous substrate, and fine fractions of aggregates with sizes <1 μm were used in preparation of composites for thin dense films. Ceria-based composites prepared by the Pechini route and/or mechanochemical method are proposed as materials for protecting thin films.     

壳聚糖/羧甲基壳聚糖止血膜的制备与表征

针对壳聚糖止血膜柔韧性差的问题,以丙三醇和酚磺乙胺作为改性剂,采用溶液浇膜的方法制备了不同组成配比的壳聚糖(CS)/羧甲基壳聚糖(CMCS)止血膜,并评价了CS/CMCS止血膜拉伸性能和止血效果.丙三醇的引入可使CS/CMCS止血膜的断裂伸长率提高4~7倍,尽管其拉伸强度也降低了70%.丙三醇改性的CS/CMCS=8/2载药止血膜具有较好的拉伸强度(10.4±0.9 MPa)和断裂伸长率(50.4±4.5%);与未加入酚磺乙胺的CS/CMCS止血膜相比,酚磺乙胺的离子交联作用使CS/CMCS载药止血膜的拉伸强度提高55%,而断裂伸长率仅降低24%.止血评价结果表明经丙三醇改性的CS/CMCS=8/2止血膜均能使血液发生分离的时间明显缩短,并具有促使血液凝结形成黑色血块的能力.     

无机分离膜

本文综述了无机膜的结构及特性,无机膜的分离机理、无机膜的制备方法。介绍了常见的几种无机膜及其在气体、液体以及生化产品的分离、废水处理、啤酒、饮料的滤菌、海水淡化等领域中的应用。展望了无机膜在硫化氢分解制氢、丙烷、环己烷和乙苯脱氢等反应中实现反应分离一体化的前景。     

凝胶色谱法表征我国几种有代表性超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线

本文考察了凝胶色谱法的操作压力和进料流速的影响。对国内具有代表性的几种平板超滤膜(聚砜、聚砜酰胺、醋酸纤维素、聚丙烯腈、聚氯乙烯)以及聚砜中空纤维超滤膜的截留率——分子量曲线进行了测定。并给出它们的切割分子量数据。     

钯－银合金膜分离氢气的研究

采用厚为５０μｍ的Ｐｄ／Ａｇ（２３）合金膜进行了氢气渗透系数的测定和Ｈ＿２／Ｎ＿２混和气分离的研究，得出温度、压力、膜厚、进料气流量、膜的预处理和再活化及膜表面中毒等因素对氢气渗透的影响。分离Ｈ＿２／Ｎ＿２混和气可获得高纯氢气。