A Dual Physical Cross-Linking Strategy to Construct Tough Hydrogels with High Strength,Excellent Fatigue Resistance,and Stretching-Induced Strengthening Effect

Hydrogels with excellent stiffness, toughness, anti-fatigue, and self-recovery properties are regarded as promising water-containing materials. In this work, a dual physically cross-linked (DPC) sodium alginate (SA)/poly[acrylamide (AAm)-acrylic acid (AAc)-octadecyl methacrylate (OMA)]-Fe³⁺ hydrogel is reported, which is constructed by hydrophobic association (HA) and ionic coordination (IC). The optimal DPC hydrogel demonstrates excellent mechanical performance: tensile modulus of 0.65 MPa, tensile strength of 3.31 MPa, elongation at break of 1547%, and toughness of 27.8 MJ m^–3. SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels also exhibit prominent anti-fatigue and self-recovery performance (99.1–109.7% modulus recovery and 90.4–108.9% dissipated energy recovery after resting for 5 min without additional stimuli at ambient temperature) through the reconstruction of reversible physical cross-linking. Some of the SA/P(AAm-AAc-OMA)-Fe³⁺ DPC hydrogels even exhibit a stretching-induced strengthening effect, which is similar to the performance of muscle—“the more training, the more strength.” Hence, the combination of HA and IC will provide an effective approach to design DPC hydrogels with desirable mechanical performances and a longer service life for wider applications of soft materials.     

红柱石在烧结刚玉基窑口浇注料中的应用

以烧结刚玉、碳化硅等为主要原料,分别以红柱石0%、5%、10%、15%替换相同比例的烧结刚玉,同时外加少量的改性剂A制备四组浇注料,对比四种浇注料经1 400 ℃处理后的常温性能、线变化、抗热震性、抗碱侵蚀能力。结果表明,添加红柱石10%和改性剂1%的烧结刚玉基窑口浇注料表现出较好的使用性能。     

Studying the formation process of chromate conversion coatings on aluminium using continuous electrochemical noise resistance measurements

A unique electrochemical technique, namely continuous noise resistance calculation (CNRC), was used to obtain electrochemical kinetic information from the formation process of chromate conversion coatings (CCC) on aluminium electrodes. It was found that the noise resistance (R_n) of aluminium electrodes remained almost unchanged during electrodes' immersion in a chromate containing acidic solution where the CCC films were supposed to form rapidly. This result indicates that the formation of CCC was associated with continuous corrosion of the aluminium electrodes and that the CCC films formed on aluminium surface were not intact barrier films, but most likely porous layers. The CCCs became protective only after they were aged in the environment. Based on these findings, the formation and inhibition mechanisms of CCC have been discussed.     

耐腐蚀摩托艇ADC12-0.5La铝合金微观组织及制备

为改善ADC12铝合金的耐腐蚀性能,通过超声熔铸法制备ADC12-0.5La铝合金,并利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、能谱分析仪、硬度计、浸泡腐蚀试验和电化学工作站研究了T6热处理和稀土La改性对ADC12铝合金的微观组织、硬度和耐腐蚀性能的影响。结果表明,T6态ADC12-0.5La铝合金微观组织明显细化,α-Al尺寸减小,形貌变圆整,共晶Si相和AlFeMnSi相细化为短棒状。相比于ADC12铝合金,T6态ADC12-0.5La铝合金硬度达到117.7HV,提高了26.8%,腐蚀电流密度降低了10.7%,腐蚀电位上升了64.4%,腐蚀速率降低了54.4%,腐蚀表面平坦且光滑,表现为较轻微的晶间腐蚀。T6态ADC12-0.5La铝合金提高了腐蚀电位,Al-La-Cu稀土相阻碍了电子移动,铝合金的耐腐蚀性能得到大幅度提高。     

Characterization of blasted austenitic stainless steel and its corrosion resistance

It is known that the corrosion resistance of stainless steel is deteriorated by blasting, but the reason for this deterioration is not clear. A blasted austenitic stainless steel plate (JIS-SUS304) has been characterized with comparison to the scraped and non-blasted specimens. The surface roughness of the blasted specimen is larger than that of materials finished with #180 paper. A martensite phase is formed in the surface layer of both blasted and scraped specimens. Compressive residual stress is generated in the blasted specimen and the maximum residual stress is formed at 50–100 μm from the surface. The corrosion potentials of the blasted specimen and subsequently solution treated specimen are lower than that of the non-blasted specimen. The passivation current densities of the blasted specimens are higher those of the non-blasted specimen. The blasted specimen and the subsequently solution treated specimen exhibit rust in 5% sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, while the non-blasted specimen and ground specimen do not rust in the solution. It is concluded that the deterioration of corrosion resistance of austenitic stainless steel through blasting is caused by the roughed morphology of the surface.     

熔渣法碳化铬涂层的抗氧化性能研究

对熔渣法碳化铬涂层在各种温度下经20h和200h的氧化性能进行了研究，与常用的一些锅炉用钢进行了对比试验，结果表明碳化铬涂层抗氧化性能比15CrMo、102、T91钢好，可以与TP347钢相媲美。     

Effect of heat treatment on microstructure and properties of hot-extruded nickel-aluminum bronze

The effect of heat treatment on the microstructure and properties of a hot-extruded nickel-aluminum bronze was investigated. Experimental materials were heat treated through different processes, including quenching, normalizing, aging and annealing, and their microstructure, corrosion resistance and mechanical properties were characterized. It is found that quenching causes all β phase transformed into β phase, however, normalizing causes β phase transformed into β α and κ phases. When the quenched sample is aged, fine phase is precipitated from the as-quenched microstructure of β＇ phase. Annealing causes the transformation of β into a and κ phases. The results of mechanical property tests show that quenching, normalizing and aging improve the tensile strength and hardness of the experimental material, with a corresponding fall in elongation. Annealing raises the elongation but reduces the tensile strength and hardness. Furthermore, corrosion resistance of nickel-aluminum bronze ranks from worse to better in the following order： aged, quenched, normalized, hot-extruded and annealed. However, with the exposure time of corrosion test increasing, the difference of average corrosion rate between those nickel-aluminum bronzes tums small.     

Corrosion-Electrochemical behavior of 13% chromium (Cr) martensitic stainless steel in hydrochloric acid (HCl) solutions

Corrosion-Electrochemical behavior of a commercial API5CT grade L80 type 13Cr tubing enriched with microalloying elements is studied in 6, 7.5, 9, 12 and 15% HCl solutions by electrochemical methods. The objective is to contribute to the comprehension of corrosion phenomena caused by HCl of similar concentrations, generally used in acidizing job. The corrosion morphology is examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with EDAX. The soluble corrosion products are analyzed by atomic absorption spectroscopy and colorimetric methods. General, as well as localized, corrosion is present. The severest general corrosion with a maximum rate of 26 mm/year is obtained at 15% HCl. The localized corrosion which morphologically differs as function of HCl concentrations is revealed by SEM investigation. In all the above HCl solutions, the commercial 13% Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing shows no passive state. Above 6% HCl, the microalloying elements promote forming a discontinuous film of the corrosion products. The corrosion rate slightly decreases in 15% HCl compared to the published data on a conventional 13% Cr martensitic stainless steel tubing. This is due to both the chemical composition (silicon, manganese and vanadium) and microstructural properties. Copper seems to additionally accelerate the corrosion of the alloy. Published in Russian in Zashchita Metallov, 2007, Vol. 43, No. 4, pp. 372–380. The article was translated by the authors in English.     

深冷处理与工模具的耐磨性

热处理后的金属材料再经低落曙处理，其力学能明显提高，尤其是高碳高合金工模具钢的耐磨性提高特别显著。本文着重研究了应用面较广的Ｗ６Ｍｏ５Ｃｒ４Ｖ２钢的处理工艺制度，组织性能及其磨损机理。     

浅议降低脉冲袋式除尘器运行费用的几点措施

脉冲袋式除尘器,因其具有良好的清灰效果,并可在较高的过滤风速下稳定运行,因而在袋式除尘器中,占有极其重要的地位。本文介绍了如何降低脉冲袋式除尘器的运行费用,并提出了相应的措施及其在设计中应注意的问题。