Metabolic profile and biological activities of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco: Studies on the essential oil and polar extracts

We investigated the metabolic profile and biological activities of the essential oil and polar extracts of Lavandula pedunculata subsp. lusitanica (Chaytor) Franco collected in south Portugal. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that oxygen-containing monoterpenes was the principal group of compounds identified in the essential oil. Camphor (40.6%) and fenchone (38.0%) were found as the major constituents. High-performance liquid chromatography with diode array detection (HPLC–DAD) analysis allowed the identification of hydroxycinnamic acids (3-O-caffeoylquinic, 4-O-caffeoylquinic, 5-O-caffeoylquinic and rosmarinic acids) and flavones (luteolin and apigenin) in the polar extracts, with rosmarinic acid being the main compound in most of them. The bioactive compounds from L. pedunculata polar extracts were the most efficient free-radical scavengers, Fe²⁺ chelators and inhibitors of malondialdehyde production, while the essential oil was the most active against acetylcholinesterase. Our results reveal that the subspecies of L. pedunculata studied is a potential source of active metabolites with a positive effect on human health.     

食品着色剂诱惑红在不同pH值介质中吸光度变化的研究

食品着色剂诱惑红（AlluraRed）是七十年代美国经过严格毒理学研究及安全性评估后推出的一种毒性小、安全性高、色光鲜艳，已在世界各国批准使用并将逐渐取代其他红色谱食用合成色素的食品、药品、化妆品着色剂新品种。在食品、药品、化妆品、饲料、玩具等行业中有越来越大的用途。本文研究了诱惑红在不同pH值介质中的吸光度的变化，其结果有助于着色剂诱惑红在各领域中的更广泛应用。     

食物中抗性淀粉的研究进展

在查阅的近十几年对淀粉在人肠道内消化吸收的文献基础上,综述了食物中抗性淀粉的研究进展,抗性淀粉是指不能在健康正常人小肠中消化吸收的淀粉及其降解物食中物存在抗性淀粉可分为３类,物理包埋淀粉（ＲＳＩ）抗性淀粉颗粒（ＲＳ２）和老化淀粉（ＲＳ３）其检测一般采用体外肠道模拟酶解法,影响食物中抗性淀粉形成的因素主要有淀粉自身的理化性质,食物中的其它成分,处理方式和工艺以及食物形态等,抗性淀粉属于人体无法消化吸     

食用油高温煎炸质变过程的研究

通过对菜籽油、花生油、豆油高温煎炸前后的色泽、吸光度、酸价、过氧化值、碘值的比较,分析说明油脂高温煎炸前后这些理化指标的变化规律。并从碘值的降低程度得出花生油、菜籽油适合煎炸使用。此研究对人们直观认识经高温煎炸后的食用油腐化程度具有指导意义。     

Monitoring Insulin Aggregation via Capillary Electrophoresis

Early stages of insulin aggregation, which involve the transient formation of oligomeric aggregates, are an important aspect in the progression of Type II diabetes and in the quality control of pharmaceutical insulin production. This study is the first to utilize capillary electrophoresis (CE) with ultraviolet (UV) detection to monitor insulin oligomer formation at pH 8.0 and physiological ionic strength. The lag time to formation of the first detected species in the aggregation process was evaluated by UV-CE and thioflavin T (ThT) binding for salt concentrations from 100 mM to 250 mM. UV-CE had a significantly shorter (5-8 h) lag time than ThT binding (15-19 h). In addition, the lag time to detection of the first aggregated species via UV-CE was unaffected by salt concentration, while a trend toward an increased lag time with increased salt concentration was observed with ThT binding. This result indicates that solution ionic strength impacts early stages of aggregation and β-sheet aggregate formation differently. To observe whether CE may be applied for the analysis of biological samples containing low insulin concentrations, the limit of detection using UV and laser induced fluorescence (LIF) detection modes was determined. The limit of detection using LIF-CE, 48.4 pM, was lower than the physiological insulin concentration, verifying the utility of this technique for monitoring biological samples. LIF-CE was subsequently used to analyze the time course for fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-labeled insulin oligomer formation. This study is the first to report that the FITC label prevented incorporation of insulin into oligomers, cautioning against the use of this fluorescent label as a tag for following early stages of insulin aggregation.     

磁场处理对水分子结构和CaCO3成核影响实验及分析

采用紫外可见分光光度法研究了CaCl2溶液在是否施加交变磁场及不同温度、浓度下吸光度的变化情况,证明了磁处理对水分子间结构状态的影响.通过对CaCO3溶液的电导率与加磁反应时间之间的实验分析,进一步验证了磁处理对CaCO3晶核生成的促进作用.     

茶籽油防晒功效的研究与应用

利用朗伯-比尔定律,从波长200~500 nm测定各溶液的紫外吸光度,确定最大吸收波长证明茶籽油等在250~360 nm处有很好的紫外吸收能力。把天然茶籽油、生物活性物质D按一定比例调配成最佳配方,从240~400 nm测定产品紫外吸光度,绘制、分析紫外吸收图谱。将天然茶籽油、生物活性物质D与具有物理防晒的TiO2为紫外吸收剂相结合,制成具有良好的紫外吸收效果的O/w型防晒霜,天然绿色,成本低廉,具有很大的市场开发潜力。     

Correlation of some organic pollution factors in water systems in Northern Greece

The degree of organic pollution in natural waters of northern Greece has been evaluated through measurement of TOC, DO, fluorescence, absorbance and complexing capacity. Additionally certain other parameters were measured like temperature, conductance, hardness, alkalinity and total iron content to get a better idea of the extent of pollution. The results showed that Lake Agios Vasilios was the most heavily polluted. On the other hand the River Loudias has greater organic charge than the River Axios.     

Newly designed polyacrylamide/dextran gels for electrophoresis protein separation: synthesis and characterization

Newly designed gels for electrophoresis protein separation were synthesized from acrylamide, N,N′‐methylenebis (acrylamide) and dextran mixtures. Radical polymerization was initiated by ammonium persulfate and N,N,N′,N′‐tetramethylethylenediamine. The time dependence of absorbance during polymerization was monitored using UV‐visible spectroscopy. The exothermic polymerization process exhibited a sharp rise of temperature reminiscent of the Trommsdorff effect. The swelling kinetics of the synthesized gels was examined in deionized water and buffer solutions. One of the challenges was to find an alternative to commercial products, sold as mixtures with no detailed chemical contents, commonly used in sodium dodecylsulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS‐PAGE) for protein separation. For this reason, a systematic comparison was made of the properties of one of the most commonly used commercial gels, Duracryl^? from Genomics Solution Inc., and those of the synthesized polyacrylamide/dextran gels. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

Reconsidering the quantitative analysis of organic carbon concentrations in size exclusion chromatography

The evaluation of the molecular size distribution of natural organic matter (NOM) in aquatic environments via size exclusion chromatography (SEC) is important for the understanding of environmental processes such as nutrient cycling and pollutant transport as well as of technical water treatment processes. The use of organic carbon (OC) detectors has become popular in recent studies due to improved availability and quantification possibilities, which supposedly are superior to those of ultraviolet (UV) detectors. A set of 12 NOM samples was used to demonstrate the limitations of online OC detection (OCD) when analyzing complex aquatic organic matter. A novel evaluation approach for SEC data is introduced by combining the information from UV absorbance (UVA) and OCD chromatograms as well as offline total OC (t-OC) and dissolved OC-specific UVA (SUVA) measurements. It could be shown that about 70% of certain OC components were not detected with the OCD system used in this study. For the investigated samples, these types of carbon accounted for up to 72% of the t-OC, i.e. for such NOM samples quantification by OCD is not possible or at least highly questionable. The addition of an oxidant improved the overall oxidation efficiency only slightly. Most likely NOM that predominantly consists of polysaccharides and features a nominal molecular weight of 150 kg/mol or more was responsible for low OCD yields. For future applications, a further improvement of the OCD system would be worthwhile so that quantitative analytical data on the molecular size distribution of NOM and its structural characteristics such as the SUVA distribution can be obtained.