基于Aqua-Sim的水声传感器网络MAC层协议分析

分析了水声传感器网络中MAC层协议的特点和分类.利用基于NS2的Aqua-Sim水声网络仿真模拟软件仿真了Broadcast MAC协议和R-MAC协议在五个节点的集中式拓扑结构的水声传感器网络中的传输过程,分析比较了两种协议在平均数据包延时、平均能量消耗以及平均吞吐量上的异同.得出在集中式拓扑结构的水声传感器子网中,Broadcast MAC协议更适合于要求较高吞吐量的应用环境,而R-MAC协议更适合于在能量消耗方面有严格要求的应用环境.     

LDPC码在基于FH-FSK的AUV水声通信系统中的应用

水声信道严重的多途干扰和频率选择性衰落,将增加水声FH-FSK系统的平均误码率.此外,由于自主式水下交通工具(AUV)平台的运动特性,接收信号易产生时间选择性衰落,在接收端产生成串的突发错误甚至导致通信的中断.以上两方面因素将降低移动FH-FSK系统的可靠性,针对此问题,将多元低密度奇偶校验(LDPC)码与FH-FSK系统相结合,提出了一种基于多元LDPC码的水声FH-FSK系统.对比了基于二元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统与基于卷积码的FH-FSK系统的抗干扰性能,实验结果表明:前者具有更强的抗干扰能力.对比了基于多元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统与基于二元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统,仿真与实验结果表明:基于多元LDPC码的FH-FSK系统具有更强的抗干扰能力,可以进一步提高FH-FSK系统的可靠性.     

全相位与Geiger算法的岩石声发射源定位方法

Geiger定位算法在岩石定位分析中得到广泛应用,但是对初始值要求非常严格,若初始值选择不当,则很难进入收敛范围。为了提高定位精度,减少迭代次数,针对这些问题,提出全相位与Geiger算法的岩石声发射源定位方法。首先进行花岗岩（50 mm×100 mm×50 mm）断铅实验,接着充分利用全相位FFT相位不变性的优势分析断铅信号,通过相位差法求出时延同时反演声发射源求出Geiger迭代初始值,最后综合最小二乘法与Geiger算法,迭代求出最优解。实验仿真结果显示此算法的平均误差相比美国PCI-2型声发射仪器定位结果降低了约5 mm,有效解决了Geiger初始值选取的问题,能够迅速进入收敛范围,提高了收敛速度和定位精度。     

Thin‐film transistor mobility limits considerations

The mobility limiting scattering mechanisms for amorphous semiconductors and polar polycrystalline semiconductors are studied in the context of developing new high‐performance thin‐film transistor (TFT) channel layer materials for large‐area electronics. A physics‐based model for carrier transport in an amorphous semiconductor is developed to estimate the mobility limits of amorphous semiconductor TFTs. The model involves band tail state trapping of a diffusive mobility. Simulation reveals a strong dependence on the band tail density of states. This consideration makes it difficult to realize a high‐performance p‐type oxide TFT. A polar crystalline semiconductor may offer a higher mobility but is fundamentally limited by polar optical phonon scattering. Any crystalline TFT channel layer for practical large‐area applications will not be a single crystal but polycrystalline, and therefore, grain size and grain boundary‐dependent scattering will further degrade the transport properties.     

人机交互中的声源定位与增强方法

基于人机交互的实际应用场景,提出了一种交互目标声源三维定位与语音增强算法。该算法首先在广义相关法的基础上提出一种声达时延差的估计方法,通过由6个麦克风构成的平行均匀线阵接收模型,实现对目标声源的三维定位;然后在交互目标声源定位的基础上,通过调整时延波束叠加的权值,实现对目标语音的增强。仿真实验结果表明,文中提出的算法能够准确定位目标声源并对目标语音进行有效增强。在信噪比大于1.5 dB 的环境中,该算法可使目标声源达到98%以上定位精度,5 dB 以上信噪比改善,同时算法运算量小且易于硬件实现。     

Sparkle measurement revisited: A closer look at the details

Four years after introduction of the first instrument for measurement of sparkle, the foundations have been reconsidered, and the pool of practical experience has been analyzed to provide a more detailed and complete picture of the subject matter. The following aspects are introduced and discussed: observation conditions and resulting requirements for imaging (sampling) and filtering, analysis of spatial periods and frequencies as a basis for filtering, spatial filtering concepts, sparkle in the frequency domain, sparkle evaluation based on analysis of single images and difference images, origins of unwanted sparkle components, scaling and offset in sparkle evaluation, and verification of the method.     

再生混凝土材料声学特性参数分析

为在混凝土无损检测中采集到高信噪比的声发射信号,对再生混凝土材料的声学特性参数进行了试验研究。通过模拟加载确定了声发射检测环境的门槛值,采用断芯试验测试了再生混凝土材料的检测时间参数,包括峰值鉴别时间(PDT)、撞击鉴别时间(HDT)和撞击闭锁时间(HLT);同时确定了信号在再生混凝土材料中的传播波速,为再生混凝土材料声发射检测参数的设置提供了一定的试验依据。该声发射检测参数设置具有操作简单易行、实时动态、对原有建筑物损伤小等特点,在混凝土结构声发射检测中具有较好的适用性。     

能量平衡和延迟约束的水声网络路由协议

水声网络路由协议是水声网络研究的一个热点问题。水声网络路由协议面临着节点能量有限、带宽窄、高传播延迟等的限制。本文从能量和延迟角度出发,设计了一种能量平衡和延迟约束的路由协议。该协议通过感知周边节点能量和负载,使得节点在选择转发节点时尽量选择剩余能量高的节点,同时在网络负载较高时能有效避开网络拥塞区域,从而在能量均衡的同时降低数据包的端到端延迟。     

Three-dimensional automated nanoparticle tracking using Mie scattering in an optical microscope

The forward scattering of light in a conventional inverted optical microscope by nanoparticles ranging in diameter from 10 to 50nm has been used to automatically and quantitatively identify and track their location in three-dimensions with a temporal resolution of 200ms. The standard deviation of the location of nominally stationary 50-nm-diameter nanoparticles was found to be about 50nm along the light path and about 5nm in the plane perpendicular to the light path. The method is based on oscillating the microscope objective along the light path using a piezo actuator and acquiring images with the condenser aperture closed to a minimum to enhance the effects of diffraction. Data processing in the time and spatial domains allowed the location of particles to be obtained automatically so that the technique has potential applications both in the processing of nanoparticles and in their use in a variety of fields including nanobiotechnology, pharmaceuticals and food processing where a simple optical microscope maybe preferred for a variety of reasons.