用两亲聚合物制备大颗粒苯丙乳液

分别以两亲聚合物P(C9-AA)和P(DCPD-St-α-St-AA)作乳化荆，研究了制备大颗粒(约1μm)及具有一定稳定性的苯丙乳液的方法，讨论了乳化剂，温度及引发剂用量对乳液性能的影响。结果表明，以P(C9-AA)作乳化剂时，引发剂用量为单体质量的1．2％，90℃时可以合成性能良好的苯丙乳液；以P(DCPD-St-α-St-AA)作乳化荆时，引发剂用量为单体质量的1．2％，80℃时可以合成性能良好的苯丙乳液。     

Effects of three crosslinkers on colored pH‐responsive core–shell latexes

Environmentally responsive hydrogels have become attractive research subjects for many applications. In this work, a series of pH‐sensitive and color‐changing nanoparticles (nanogels) with core–shell structures were synthesized. The cores were blue latex particles synthesized by a miniemulsion technique with styrene and methacrylic acid as monomers and Neozapon Blue 807 as a dye. The shell was a pH‐sensitive polymer that was precipitation‐polymerized onto the core from 2‐(diethylamino) ethyl methacrylate with N,N′‐methylenebisacrylamide, poly(propylene glycol) diacrylate, and divinylbenzene as crosslinking agents. In the resultant latexes, the color was observed to change from deep blue to pale blue as the pH of the system was changed from a high of 10 to a low of 3. The synthesized latexes and particles (gels) were then characterized with an ultraviolet–visible spectrometer, dynamic light scattering, Fourier transform infrared, and nuclear magnetic resonance. Atomic force microscopy was also used to investigate the different morphologies of the particles after the synthesized latexes were dried at different pH values. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

Synthesis of poly(methyl methacrylate)/silica nanocomposite through emulsion polymerization using dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate

Polymer/Silica nanocomposite latex particles were prepared by emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) with dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DM). The reaction was performed using a nonionic surfactant and in the presence of silica nanoparticles as the seed. The polymer‐coated silica nanoparticles with polymer content and number average particle sizes ranged from 32 to 93 wt % and 114–310 nm, respectively, were obtained depending on reaction conditions. Influences of some synthetic conditions such as MMA, DM, surfactant concentration, and the nature of initiator on the coating of the silica nanoparticles were studied. Electrostatic attraction between anionic surface of silica beads and cationic amino groups of DM is the main driving force for the formation of the nanocomposites. It was demonstrated that the ratio of DM/MMA is important factor in stability of the system. The particle size, polymer content, efficiency of the coating reaction, and morphology of resulted nanocomposite particles showed a dependence on the amount of the surfactant. Zeta potential measurements confirmed that the DM was located at the surface of the nanocomposites particles. Thermogravimeteric analysis indicated a relationship between the composition of polymer shell and polymer content of the nanocomposites. The nanocomposites were also characterized by FTIR and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. © 2008 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2008     

聚丙烯酸酯防水乳液的研究进展

综述了聚丙烯酸酯防水乳液的理论研究进展，重点评述了组合功能单体、优选乳化体系和进行粒子设计三方面的改性手段。     

丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯的合成

以丙烯酰氯与二甲氨基乙醇为原料 ,乙醚为溶剂 ,过量的二甲氨基乙醇为缚酸剂合成了丙烯酸二甲氨基乙酯。较佳实验条件为 :丙烯酰氯 /二甲氨基乙醇 /乙醚 (物质的量比 ) 1∶2 .0 5∶5 .6 ,反应温度 5℃ ,反应时间 4h ,w(吩噻嗪 ) 0 .5 0 %,产物为无色透明液体 ,相对密度 0 .943 1( 2 0℃ ) ,折光率为 1.435 2 ,收率大于 91%。     

Synthesis and properties of PDMS modified waterborne polyurethane–acrylic hybrid emulsion by solvent-free method

A new type of polysiloxane modified polyurethane–acrylic hybrid emulsion was synthesized by solvent-free method and the polysiloxane was introduced into the soft segment of polyurethane chains using dihydroxybutyl-terminated polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS). The formed film from the hybrid emulsion could provide obviously higher water-resistance property. The preparation technologies such as the content of carboxy group and acrylic monomer, the rate and the time of emulsification were discussed systematically. The chain structure and the particle size were confirmed by the analysis of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy, respectively. The effect of PDMS content on the water resistance and the mechanical property were investigated by absorbed water ratio, water contact angle and dynamic mechanical measurement.     

原油破乳脱钙复合剂的研制

介绍了原油破乳脱钙复合剂的筛选方法。所用的破乳剂有PY、UD 10、2 0 40、SDX、SL、硬脂酸 三乙醇胺 ,所用的脱钙剂有KL 1、KL 2、KL 3、KL 4、YH、EA、SJ、LP。首先将一定量的破乳剂与原油混合 ,振荡、静置 ,按油水分层情况及脱水率 ,筛选出较优的破乳剂。然后 ,在已加入破乳剂的原油中加入一定量的脱钙剂水溶液 ,振荡、静置 ,用燃烧瓶法处理油样 ,用原子吸收分光光度计测其钙含量 ,并与未经处理的原油对比。根据脱钙率 ,筛选出较优的脱钙剂。经过对破乳剂和脱钙剂的种类、用量、pH值等条件的选择 ,配出了针对俄罗斯原油、布伦特原油、扎非罗原油破乳、脱钙效果最好的复合剂PY YH、PY EA ,其脱钙率大于 80 %,脱水率大于98%,可直接用于炼厂的原油破乳脱钙工艺中。     

乳化炸药的乳化物理模型和理想乳化模态

文章以平推流模拟了乳化炸药乳胶质的形成过程,并建立了机械强制乳化的物理模型及理想模态。     

光面爆破专用炸药的研究

文章分析了光爆炸药的性能特点，提出了制造光爆炸药新方法。该炸药密度（０．３５、０．７０ｇ／ｃｍ￣３）与爆速（１３００、２２００ｍ／ｓ）可调，贮存性能稳定；爆轰感度好，能满足不同硬度岩石尤其是软岩的光爆需要。     

Influence of Two Salicylate Components on the Particle Size of an Oil-in-Water Emulsion with Nonionic Surfactants

This paper reports a study undertaken using techniques of static and dynamic light scattering to investigate the influence of sodium salicylate and methyl salicylate on droplet size of oil-in-water emulsions. The rates of changes were measured by determining the size and distribution of the oil droplet in the material. All emulsions showed a bimodal size distribution; the mean diameters and polydispersity were calculated from intensity. These data were analyzed with nonlinear regressions and bootstrap methodology. An amount of methyl salicylate component induced a decrease of mean diameter and standard deviation. On the contrary, sodium salicylate entailed the growth of all droplet populations and coalescence for the highest concentration.