三种抗菌药治疗呼吸道感染的疗效-成本分析

目的 评估分析克林霉素磷酸酯注射液、注射用乳糖酸阿奇霉素、左氧氟沙星注射液3种不同类型的抗菌药治疗呼吸道感染的临床疗效及成本效益,寻求最经济有效的治疗方案.方法 随机将104例呼吸道感染患者分为3组,运用药物经济学成本-效果分析方法进行评价.结果与结论 3种抗菌药对呼吸道感染的有效率分别是85.3%、82.9%和88.6%,疗效满意且不良反应较轻,治疗方案无显著性差异.     

CTMP、APMP木浆废水鱼类急性毒性研究

通过用多种速生材、多种工艺高得率浆废水进行鱼类急性毒性实验,评估了ＣＴＭＰ和ＡＰＭＰ高得率浆废水对水环境的影响,给出了种种高得率浆废水的安全排放浓度,为高得率制浆废水排放标准的制定提供了依据。     

苦荞籽提取物的抗炎镇痛作用和急性毒性试验研究

目的：研究苦荞籽乙醇提取物的抗炎镇痛作用和急性毒性。方法：采用二甲苯致小鼠耳肿胀法和大鼠蛋清性足肿胀法观察抗炎作用;采用小鼠热板法和醋酸扭体法观察镇痛作用;用最大浓度,最大给药体积的药液灌胃给药。结果：苦荞籽提取物可明显抑制二甲苯所致小鼠耳廓的肿胀度,抑制蛋清所致大鼠足肿胀;可提高热板所致小鼠痛阈值,减少醋酸所致小鼠的扭体次数;最大给药量为374.5g/kg bw,相当于成人日用量的1498 倍。结论：苦荞籽提取物具有明显抗炎镇痛作用,无明显毒性。     

姬菇多糖对CCl4所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用

目的：研究热水浸提法从姬菇中提取姬菇多糖(PCNP)对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠急性肝损伤的保护作用。方法：小鼠被随机分为空白对照组、模型组、阳性对照组(联苯双酯组,150mg/(kg ·d))、处理组(400mg/(kg ·d)),连续灌胃30d后,给予CCl4(80mg/kg)建立动物急性肝损伤模型。动物处死后取血液和肝脏测定各项抗氧化指标,以及观察肝组织病理学变化。结果：与模型组相比,处理组能降低血清谷草转氨酶(AST)、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)、碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性和肝脏丙二醛(MDA)含量,提高肝脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量。结论：PCNP能明显改善肝组织病理损伤程度,对四氯化碳(CCl4)所致小鼠急性肝损伤具有明显保护作用。     

Short communication: Effect of subclinical mastitis on proteolysis in ovine milk

The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of intramammary infection (IMI) on the endogenous proteolysis of milk. Four control checks were carried out in the half-udder milk of 10 ewes that acquired unilateral subclinical mastitis. Two of these checks were conducted before the infection was established and 2 after. Ten healthy ewes were tested as a control group. The presence of a subclinical IMI involved an increase of the products of casein hydrolysis, the proteose-peptone (p-p) fraction and minor (m) caseins, and a decrease of β-casein. As a result, a significant increase in the proteolysis index (PI), calculated as the ratio of m-casein to the sum of caseins (α + β + κ), took place. α-Casein and κ-casein were not significantly affected by IMI. Correlations confirmed the scenario: log₁₀ of somatic cell count (SCC) was positively correlated with p-p content and negatively with β-casein, whereas log₁₀ SCC was not correlated with α-casein or κ-casein. On the other hand, p-p content was positively correlated with m-casein and PI and negatively with β-casein, but no correlation was detected between p-p content and α- or κ-casein. Furthermore, between casein fractions, m-casein was only significantly correlated with β-casein. These results suggest that use of indices of proteolysis of caseins such as p-p, m-casein, and PI, could be applied together with SCC to evaluate the cheese-making quality of milk.     

八角籽仁油GC-MS分析和急性毒性试验

以石油醚为溶剂提取八角籽仁油,通过GC—MS分析了八角籽仁油中脂肪酸的组成及含量,并对八角籽仁油进行了急性毒性试验。结果表明,八角籽仁油中亚油酸含量34．658％,油酸含量34．986％,棕榈酸含量17．838％,山嵛酸含量4．096％,硬脂酸含量4．093％,花生酸含量1．550％,二十四碳酸含量1．336％;不饱和脂肪酸占69．644％,饱和脂肪酸占28．913％。急性毒性试验初步确定八角籽仁油小鼠最小致死量和最大耐受量均大于40mL/kg。     

Influence of pulsation rate on udder health and teat thickness changes in dairy ewes

In this work on machine milking of ewes, pulsation rates of 120 and 180 cycles per min were compared, both with a pulsation ratio of 50:50 and a vacuum level of 36 kPa, comparing intramammary infection (IMI), somatic cell count (SCC) and teat end thickness changes. To this end, two groups of 20 Manchega ewes were used in a crossover experimental design with two experimental periods of 24 d for each. Bacterial exposure of all teats was increased by dipping them in a suspension of Staphylococcus simulans at four consecutive milkings of each period. Pulsation rate of 180 cycles per min, compared with 120 cycles per min, had no negative effect upon new IMI (11 and 16% of ewes infected, respectively) and SCC. No teat end lesions were observed in those animals milked with the two pulsations assayed. Also, teat thickness changes (-0.38 and -0.36 mm at 120 and 180 cycles per min, respectively) were not affected significantly. Finally, in absence of IMI, the two pulsation rates assayed did not affect the SCC.     

大球盖菇提取物对CCl_4所致肝损伤小鼠的抗氧化作用研究

目的:研究大球盖菇提取物(SRE)对小鼠肝和主要脏器组织的抗氧化作用。方法:小鼠连续30d给予低(100mg/kg·d)、中(200mg/kg·d)、高(400mg/kg·d)三个剂量的SRE后,灌胃给予CCl4(80mg/kg·d)建立动物急性肝损伤模型,动物处死后取血液和脏器测定各项抗氧化指标。结果:高剂量S R E能降低血清A L P活性,提高肝总S O D、Mn-SOD、Cu,Zn-SOD及GSH-Px活性,降低肝组织MDA含量,与模型组相比有显著性差异(p<0.01),且三个剂量呈现了一定的量效关系。主要脏器的抗氧化指标测定表明,SRE能显著提高心和肾SOD和GSH-Px活性(p<0.01),显著降低心组织MDA含量(p<0.01);与对照组相比,模型组脾总SOD和Mn-SOD表现出代偿性增高(p<0.01),给予SRE后可使升高的SOD活性恢复到对照组水平。分析表明SRE的主要抗氧化成分为多糖和黄酮。结论:SRE对CCl4所致急性肝损伤小鼠的肝和主要脏器的氧化损伤具有较好的保护作用。     

QT间期离散度与急性心肌梗死患者预后的关系

通过观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者QT间期离散度(QTd)变化,探讨其与临床关系。应用体表同步十二导联心电图对168例AMI患者进行心电图QTd和校正QT间期离散度(QTcd)测定,并与168例正常人做对照。结果表明:AMI患者入院后心电图的QTd、QTcd均明显长于对照组(P<0.01);室性心律失常组、心衰组、死亡组QTd、QTcd均明显长于非心律失常组、非心衰组、生存组(P<0.01);前壁组QTd、QTcd明显长于下后壁组(P<0.01);AMI组中QTmax存在于梗死或缺血区导联163例,占97%。AMI中发生室性心律失常组QTd增加均>60 ms,其中6例室颤QTd均>100 ms。综上得出结论:AMI患者QTd、QTcd明显延长,为AMI发生室性心律失常、心力衰竭和猝死简单而实用的重要预测指标。QTd>60 ms可以作为预测心肌梗死患者发生室性心律失常的指标,而QTd>100 ms是识别高危心律失常的敏感指标。     

Ranson评分对中重度高脂血症性急性胰腺炎分型的预测价值

目的探讨Ranson评分对高脂血症性急性胰腺炎(hyperlipidemic acute pancreatitis,HLAP)分型的早期预测价值。方法回顾性收集2014年1月至2018年10月在北京协和医院急诊科就诊的中重度HLAP患者资料,包括年龄、性别、血脂水平、血糖、白细胞、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH)、谷草转氨酶(aspartate aminotransferase,AST)以及入院48 h后的血细胞比容、尿素氮、血钙、碱缺乏、液体丢失量。按照疾病严重程度分为中度和重度HLAP,并计算每例患者的Ranson评分。采用t检验比较中度和重度HLAP组间Ranson评分的差异,运用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析得出最佳界值,计算其敏感度和特异度,以卡方检验验证其一致性。结果共计99例符合入选和排除标准的HLAP患者进入本研究,其中中、重度HLAP分别为45例和54例。重度HLAP组的Ranson评分显著高于中度组,差异具有统计学意义(5. 19±1. 33比3. 09±1. 35,P<0. 01)。ROC曲线分析显示4为最佳临界值,敏感度为75. 9%,特异度为84. 4%;以4为临界值,Ranson评分3～4者符合中度HLAP的表现,Ranson评分>4符合重度HLAP表现,中度和重度组的Ranson评分与疾病分型一致(P<0. 01)。结论 Ranson评分可用于中度和重度HLAP分型早期预测,3～4分提示中度HLAP,>4分提示重度HLAP。