不同化学杀菌剂与多抗霉素混配对压砂西瓜炭疽病的联合生物活性及田间防效

[目的]明确不同化学杀菌剂与生物农药多抗霉素混配对宁夏压砂西瓜炭疽病的防治效果。[方法]采用菌丝生长速率法、Wadley法和田间喷雾法,测定了4种化学杀菌剂对压砂西瓜炭疽病的室内生物活性和田间防效,并将活性较强、防效较优的化学农药与多抗霉素混配测定其对西瓜炭疽病的协同增效作用。[结果]筛选出防治压砂西瓜炭疽病效果较佳的化学杀菌剂咪鲜胺、苯甲·嘧菌酯2种,并确定了其与多抗霉素的最佳质量配比分别为1∶2、1∶3,平均防效可达82%,均高于单剂防效。[结论]咪鲜胺、苯甲·嘧菌酯可作为宁夏压砂西瓜炭疽病防治的首选化学药剂,与多抗霉素混配对西瓜炭疽病防效优于单剂,可降低化学农药使用量和减少农药抗药性,不同药剂组合可交替使用。     

发光细菌DH132的筛选、鉴定及其在氯霉素生物毒性测定中的应用

利用药敏纸片法,从本实验室保存的发光细菌中筛选出一株对氯霉素敏感的细菌DH132。通过生理生化特征鉴定并利用16SrDNA序列分析的方法,鉴定细菌DH132为哈维氏弧菌。通过在细菌培养液中添加不同浓度的氯霉素溶液,研究了氯霉素浓度与细菌发光强度抑制率之间的关系。结果表明,当氯霉素浓度为80ng/mL和160ng/mL时,对细菌发光的抑制率分别达到10%和50%。氯霉素浓度在0~60ng/mL,60~140ng/mL,140ng/mL~200ng/mL和200~1000ng/mL之间,细菌发光抑制率与氯霉素浓度分别具有很好的线性关系。相对应的回归方程分别为y=0.0627x-0.0233;y=0.3599x-18.276;y=0.7527x-70.219;y=0.0195x 75.964,回归曲线R2值分别为0.9805,0.9918,0.9502和0.9731。     

低剂量γ射线辐照对斑马鱼胚胎的发育和遗传毒性效应

为研究低剂量γ射线辐照对水生生物的发育和遗传毒性效应,以模式生物斑马鱼为研究对象,采用生物细胞辐照仪对5 hpf的斑马鱼胚胎进行不同累积剂量（0.01～1.00 Gy）的γ射线辐照处理,分析了胚胎的存活率、孵化率、畸形率和DNA损伤以及发育至150 dpf的F1代斑马鱼成鱼的繁殖能力及肝脏、肾脏和脾脏抗氧化酶的活性。结果表明：0.01 Gy低剂量γ射线辐照对斑马鱼胚胎存活率和孵化率无显著影响,但畸形率和DNA损伤显著提高;当辐照剂量超过0.10 Gy时,存活率和孵化率显著降低。5 hpf的斑马鱼胚胎接受0.01 Gy低剂量的γ射线辐照后,发育至150 dpf的F1代斑马鱼成鱼,产卵量显著降低,且具有剂量依赖性;肝脏的CAT酶的活性显著升高,表明它可能是评价低剂量γ射线辐照毒性效应潜在的生物标记物。     

The Urinary Level of Injury Biomarkers Is Not Univocally Reflective of the Extent of Toxic Renal Tubular Injury in Rats

Nephrotoxicity is a major cause of intrinsic acute kidney injury (AKI). Because renal tissue damage may occur independently of a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and of elevations in plasma creatinine concentration, so-called injury biomarkers have been proposed to form part of diagnostic criteria as reflective of tubular damage independently of renal function status. We studied whether the urinary level of NGAL, KIM-1, GM2AP, t-gelsolin, and REGIIIb informed on the extent of tubular damage in rat models of nephrotoxicity, regardless of the etiology, moment of observation, and underlying pathophysiology. At a time of overt AKI, urinary biomarkers were measured by Western blot or ELISA, and tubular necrosis was scored from histological specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Correlation and regression studies revealed that only weak relations existed between biomarkers and tubular damage. Due to high interindividual variability in the extent of damage for any given biomarker level, urinary injury biomarkers did not necessarily reflect the extent of the underlying tissue injury in individual rats. We contended, in this work, that further pathophysiological contextualization is necessary to understand the diagnostic significance of injury biomarkers before they can be used for renal tubular damage severity stratification in the context of nephrotoxic and, in general, intrinsic AKI.     

2019—2022年聊城市食品和病例分离单增李斯特菌基于全基因组测序的分子特征及耐药性分析

目的 基于全基因组测序（WGS）比较分析2019—2022年聊城市单核细胞增生李斯特菌（Lm）食品和病例分离株基因组特征、毒力性、耐药性以及遗传多样性。方法 对聊城市33株市售食品和临床病例中Lm分离株开展抗生素敏感性试验和WGS。利用MGAP对WGS数据进行拼接组装,对组装基因组进行基因预测和功能注释、MLST,制作cg MLST最小生成树图,并与美国国家生物信息中心（NCBI）上获取的18株国内外Lm构建wg-SNP进化树。结果 33株Lm分离株的基因组大小为2.89～3.41 Mb,CG含量为37.81%～37.97%,可分为6个ST型（ST9、ST121、ST8、ST87、ST155、ST101）,分别属于6个克隆复合群（CC9、CC121、CC8、CC87、CC155、CC101）;分离株均携带fosX和mprF耐药基因,此外还携带lplA1、prsA2等其他18个毒力基因,有不同程度的毒力基因缺失情况。2株菌对四环素耐药,1株菌对林可霉素耐药。均携带毒力岛LIPI-1和LIPI-2,未检测到毒力岛LIPI-3和LIPI-4。wg-SNPs、cgMLST和基于单拷贝核心蛋白序列的系统发育树遗传进化分析显示,33株Lm分子分型呈现高度多样性,病例来源菌株与食品分离株亲缘关系密切,食品分离株与国外暴发分离株在进化关系上密切相关。结论 山东省聊城市食品和病例中分离的单增李斯特菌均携带毒力基因,具有一定的潜在致病能力,耐药情况尚不严重。分子型别呈现出多样性,食品来源菌株和病例分离株具有较近的亲缘关系,提示市售食品有食源性感染的潜在风险。     

Overcoming Steroid Resistance in Pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia—The State-of-the-Art Knowledge and Future Prospects

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignancy among children. Despite the enormous progress in ALL therapy, resulting in achieving a 5-year survival rate of up to 90%, the ambitious goal of reaching a 100% survival rate is still being pursued. A typical ALL treatment includes three phases: remission induction and consolidation and maintenance, preceded by a prednisone prephase. Poor prednisone response (PPR) is defined as the presence of ≥1.0 × 10⁹ blasts/L in the peripheral blood on day eight of therapy and results in significantly frequent relapses and worse outcomes. Hence, identifying risk factors of steroid resistance and finding methods of overcoming that resistance may significantly improve patients’ outcomes. A mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MAPK-ERK) pathway seems to be a particularly attractive target, as its activation leads to steroid resistance via a phosphorylating Bcl-2-interacting mediator of cell death (BIM), which is crucial in the steroid-induced cell death. Several mutations causing activation of MAPK-ERK were discovered, notably the interleukin-7 receptor (IL-7R) pathway mutations in T-cell ALL and rat sarcoma virus (Ras) pathway mutations in precursor B-cell ALL. MAPK-ERK pathway inhibitors were demonstrated to enhance the results of dexamethasone therapy in preclinical ALL studies. This report summarizes steroids’ mechanism of action, resistance to treatment, and prospects of steroids therapy in pediatric ALL.     

Effects of Cadmium Exposure on Gut Villi in Danio rerio

In aquatic organisms, cadmium exposure occurs from ovum to death and the route of absorption is particularly wide, being represented by skin, gills and gastrointestinal tract, through which contaminated water and/or preys are ingested. It is known that cadmium interferes with the gut; however, less information is available on cadmium effects on an important component of the gut, namely goblet cells, specialized in mucus synthesis. In the present work, we studied the effects of two sublethal cadmium concentrations on the gut mucosa of Danio rerio. Particular attention was paid to changes in the distribution of glycan residues, and in metallothionein expression in intestinal cells. The results show that cadmium interferes with gut mucosa and goblet cells features. The effects are dose- and site-dependent, the anterior gut being more markedly affected than the midgut. Cadmium modifies the presence and/or distribution of glycans in the brush border and cytoplasm of enterocytes and in the goblet cells’ cytoplasm and alters the metallothionein expression and localization. The results suggest a significant interference of cadmium with mucosal efficiency, representing a health risk for the organism in direct contact with contamination and indirectly for the trophic chain.     

Pre-Transplant Serum Leptin Levels and Relapse of Acute Myeloid Leukemia after Allogeneic Transplantation

Weight loss and metabolic activity influence outcome after allogeneic stem cell transplantation (alloSCT). This study evaluates pre-conditioning Leptin, a peptide hormone involved in metabolism and immune homeostasis, as a prognostic factor for survival, relapse and non-relapse mortality (NRM) following alloSCT. Leptin serum levels prior to conditioning were determined in a cohort of patients transplanted for various hematologic malignancies (n = 524) and correlated retrospectively with clinical outcome. Findings related to patients with acute leukemia (AL) from this sample were validated in an independent cohort. Low pre-conditioning serum Leptin was an independent prognostic marker for increased risk of relapse (but not of NRM and overall mortality) following alloSCT for AL of intermediate and advanced stage (beyond first complete remission). Multivariate analysis revealed a hazard ratio (HR) for relapse of 0.75 per log2 increase (0.59–0.96, p = 0.020). This effect was similar in an independent validation cohort. Pre-conditioning serum Leptin was validated as a prognostic marker for early relapse by fitting the multivariate Cox model to the validation data. Pre-conditioning serum Leptin levels may serve as an independent prognostic marker for relapse following alloSCT in intermediate and advanced stage AL patients. Prospective studies are required to prove whether serum Leptin could be used for guiding nutritional intervention in patients with AL undergoing alloSCT.     

基于生物发光法的毒性检测仪设计

为了提高食品、工业环境中毒性物质的检测水平和响应时间,设计了一种基于生物发光法的毒性检测仪.该检测仪以生物发光法作为检测手段,利用毒性物质会抑制荧光素强度的原理,通过检测荧光素的强度来计算毒性物质的毒性.实际试验结果表明,系统能有效的监测到荧光的强弱,可快速准确的计算出待测物质的毒性,且响应快速,响应时间仅为30ms;...