The Urinary Level of Injury Biomarkers Is Not Univocally Reflective of the Extent of Toxic Renal Tubular Injury in Rats

Nephrotoxicity is a major cause of intrinsic acute kidney injury (AKI). Because renal tissue damage may occur independently of a reduction in glomerular filtration rate and of elevations in plasma creatinine concentration, so-called injury biomarkers have been proposed to form part of diagnostic criteria as reflective of tubular damage independently of renal function status. We studied whether the urinary level of NGAL, KIM-1, GM2AP, t-gelsolin, and REGIIIb informed on the extent of tubular damage in rat models of nephrotoxicity, regardless of the etiology, moment of observation, and underlying pathophysiology. At a time of overt AKI, urinary biomarkers were measured by Western blot or ELISA, and tubular necrosis was scored from histological specimens stained with hematoxylin and eosin. Correlation and regression studies revealed that only weak relations existed between biomarkers and tubular damage. Due to high interindividual variability in the extent of damage for any given biomarker level, urinary injury biomarkers did not necessarily reflect the extent of the underlying tissue injury in individual rats. We contended, in this work, that further pathophysiological contextualization is necessary to understand the diagnostic significance of injury biomarkers before they can be used for renal tubular damage severity stratification in the context of nephrotoxic and, in general, intrinsic AKI.     

氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(V)——PFOS的短碳氟链替代品

主要介绍PFOS的短碳氟链替代品,分析短碳氟链产品作为替代品的可行性依据、性能和环境行为,进一步讨论短碳氟链替代品的研究进展和优化策略,并指出短碳氟链产品当前面临的问题。     

HPLC法测定拳参中绿原酸和没食子酸含量

采用高效液相二极管阵列检测法同时测定拳参提取物中绿原酸和没食子酸含量。采用ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×0.25 mm,5μm),以体积分数0.2%磷酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相,流速1 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长273和327 nm。两种物质加标回收率为95%~105%,峰面积与浓度线性关系良好(r0.999 5)。     

聚氨酯改性氯丁接枝低毒溶剂型鞋用胶粘剂的研制

研究了一种能粘多种材质的溶剂型鞋用大底胶。该胶为一种聚氨酯改性氯丁、SBS接枝胶,粘接范围广,对PU、TPR、SBS等材质粘接性能比氯丁接枝胶好,适合鞋厂流水生产线;所用溶剂毒性相当低,对人无害,有利于劳动保护和环境保护。     

光导纤维氧传感器的研制及应用

合成了13种金属有机络合物,从中筛选了两种性能优良的氧感应指示剂［Ru(bathophen)₃］(ClO₄)₂和Pt(TFPP).通过试验确定了制备氧感应膜的最佳方法,制成了两种灵敏度高、响应快、光学稳定性好的氧感应膜：［Ru(bathophen)₃］(ClO₄)₂-Cab-O-Sil-silicone膜和Pt(TFPP)-silicone膜.对影响氧传感器性能的因素进行了分析.以［Ru(bathophen)₃］(ClO₄)₂-Cab-O-Sil-silicone膜为氧感应膜,研制了一种非接触式氧传感器,该传感器能在计算机控制下同时对大批样品进行扫描检测.还用此传感器进行了生物毒性试验,检测了多种重金属离子对活性污泥和大肠杆菌的毒性影响,结果表明,用该传感器进行毒性试验是可行的,它具有灵敏、快速、高效的特点.     

30%毒氟磷可湿性粉剂对环境生物的毒性与安全性评价

[目的]为顺利实现30%毒氟磷可湿性粉剂在今后农业生产中的广泛推广,参照《化学农药环境安全评价试验准则》的规定,进行了30%毒氟磷可湿性粉剂对环境有益生物鱼、蜂、鸟、蚕的急性毒性测定,并对其进行环境安全性评价。[结果]30%毒氟磷可湿性粉剂对鱼96 h的LC50值为12.4 mg/L,对蜂48 h的LC50>5 000 mg/L,对鸟7 d的LD50>450 mg/kg体质量,对2龄家蚕胃杀毒性LC50>5 000 mg/kg桑叶。[结论]30%毒氟磷可湿性粉剂对鱼类、蜂类、鸟类、家蚕均为低毒,实际风险为零。     

22种杀菌剂及其不同配比对人参灰霉病菌的毒力测定

[目的]生产上防治人参灰霉病可选择的药剂种类较少,很多药剂对灰霉菌的毒力作用不明确,为此采用生长速率法测定了22种杀菌剂对人参灰霉病菌的毒力。[结果]50%嘧菌环胺WG、50%乙烯菌核利WG、50%菌核净WP、50%腐霉利WP、50%异菌脲WP毒力较高,其EC50值小于0.1 mg/L,其次为400 g/L氟硅唑EC等6种药剂,其EC50值在0.1~1.0 mg/L之间。7种杀菌剂的不同配比中,50%乙烯菌核利WG+30%氟菌唑WP 2∶2,300亿/g芽孢杆菌+50%嘧菌环胺WP 3∶1,增效作用较为明显,其共毒系数分别为601.02,535.94;另有31种配比表现不同程度增效作用。[结论]筛选出了对人参灰霉病菌室内抑菌效果较好的药剂,为进一步田间药效试验奠定了基础。     

多种杀螨剂对二斑叶螨不同发育阶段的毒力比较及安全性评价

[目的]选取14种杀螨剂对二斑叶螨进行了不同发育阶段的室内毒力测定,并对选择毒性进行评价,对防治二斑叶螨药剂的合理使用具有指导意义。[结果]阿维菌素和甲维盐对3种螨态的活性均较高;螺螨酯、噻螨酮等对二斑叶螨卵、若螨均有较强活性(<2 mg/L),但是对成螨活性明显偏低。甲维盐表现出对二斑叶螨成螨的高度选择性,噻螨酮、螺螨酯和浏阳霉素对二斑叶螨若螨态和卵态表现出显著选择性。[结论]甲维盐和浏阳霉素对二斑叶螨活性较高,对天敌安全,可以作为优先选择药剂。     

N-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)-癸酰胺的合成及其生理活性

以香草醛、正癸酸、SOCl2为原料,3步反应合成了辣椒碱类物质——N-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)-癸酰胺,其结构经IR、1HNMR、13CNMR和元素分析确认。对比研究目标产物与天然辣椒碱生理活性:两物质辣度相近,目标产物辣度仅比天然辣椒碱低0.4%;目标产物镇痛活性优于天然辣椒碱30%;两物质抗菌活性基本相同,强于苯甲酸钠;驱避老鼠活性相似;两物质毒性级别均为3级(低毒)。因此,合成辣椒碱——N-(4-羟基-3-甲氧基苄基)-癸酰胺在上述生理活性上有替代天然辣椒碱的使用价值。