锌湿法冶炼渣的自热焙烧无害化处理

针对湿法炼锌常压浸出渣和氧压浸出渣（均为危险废物）组成的高硫混合渣,系统考察了自热焙烧反应的各因素（温度、硫含量等）对渣中重金属固化效果的影响,并采用BCR连续提取法研究了焙烧前后渣中重金属的化学形态分布。结果表明,在焙烧温度1 000 ℃、混合物料硫质量分数20%、空气流速1.6 m3/h、焙烧时间7 h的条件下,渣中Zn、Pb、As、Cd等毒性浸出结果均可满足国家标准,渣率可降至约70%,焙烧热处理后渣中的Zn、Pb、As及Cd均以相对稳定的残渣态为主要化学形态,为锌湿法冶炼渣的低成本无害化与减量化处理提供了理论基础。     

高压碱浸法处理铝电解废旧阴极炭块

利用高压碱浸工艺处理废旧阴极炭块,研究了NaOH浓度、碱浸温度、液固比、反应时间对处理效果的影响,并通XRD、XRF、浸出毒性分析、SEM-EDS探索了废旧阴极炭块处理前后的物相组成、元素含量、浸出毒性、微观形貌和元素分布的变化规律。结果表明,随着NaOH浓度的增加,回收炭材料的碳纯度和F-浸出浓度分别呈现先增加后减小、先减小后增大的变化趋势,随着碱浸温度、液固比、反应时间的增加,回收炭材料的碳纯度逐渐增大,F-浸出浓度不断降低。在最佳工艺条件下,废旧阴极炭块的碳含量从60.02%提高至88.63%,氟浸出浓度含量从2 699.95 mg/L降低至22.19 mg/L,并成功利用碳酸化分解法从浸出液中提取冰晶石产品。高压碱浸工艺具备实现废旧阴极炭块无害化与资源化回收的技术可行性。     

百菌清及其三氟衍生物对番茄早疫病菌的室内抑菌活性比较

采用生长速率法测定了不同浓度的百菌清及其三氟衍生物对番茄早疫病菌Alternaria solani(Ell,et Mart.)Jones es Gmut的室内杀菌毒力。试验结果表明，百菌清及其三氟衍生物的ED50值分别为6089．89mg／L和156．43mg/L。，前者是后者的38．93倍。百菌清三氟衍生物的毒力明显高于百菌清。     

浅谈环保型助溶剂丙二醇醚的现况与应用

简要介绍了丙二醇醚国内外现状以及丙二醇醚的环保性评价和用途。     

Physiological and behavioral effects of coniferyl benzoate on avian reproduction

Various plant secondary metabolites related to cinnamic acid are of interest because of their repellency to birds and their occurrence in ecologically important food items. Coniferyl benzoate (CB), a phenylpropanoid ester that occurs in quaking aspen (Populus tremuloides) is of particular ecological interest because of its effect on ruffed grouse (Bonasa umbellus) feeding behavior and its possible influence on the population dynamics of this bird. During detoxification processes, CB and other analogous compounds are metabolized into by-products, such as ferulic acid (FA), that can cause anti-reproductive effects. We tested whether consumption of CB produces antire-productive effects similar to FA using male and female Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix) as avian models for ruffed grouse. The parameters we investigated included: the production, morphology, and development of eggs; reproductive characteristics influenced by estrogen; serum prolactin levels; and male reproductive behavior. Dietary CB did not produce antireproductive effects similar to FA at intake levels that Japanese quail and ruffed grouse would freely consume. Consumption of CB by Japanese quail significantly reduced egg production and body mass but did not affect male reproductive performance. Coniferyl benzoate's effect on egg production may be explained by lower energy acquisition and retention rather than endocrine changes per se. Contrary to previous reports, it is unlikely that FA, or similar compounds act directly as estrogen mimics or antagonists. Although, CB did reduce egg production in quail, it is unlikely that it would affect egg production in wild ruffed grouse. Detoxification costs and the effects of CB on nutrient utilization may explain why ruffed grouse avoid high dietary levels of CB.     

Effect of qualitative and quantitative variation in allelochemicals on a generalist insect: Iridoid glycosides and the southern armyworm

The behavioral and physiological effects of plant allelochemicals have been difficult to demonstrate; it is not often clear whether the compounds are deterrent, toxic, or both. In this study, we compared the qualitative and quantitative effects of several iridoid glycosides on a generalist lepidopteran herbivore,Spodoptera eridania (Noctuidae). Larval growth and survivorship and larval preference or avoidance were measured on artificial diets containing different iridoid glycosides at different concentrations. We also tested the toxicity/deterrence of these compounds. We found that iridoid glycosides retarded larval growth significantly at relatively low concentrations and that they were usually avoided in preference tests. The toxicity/ deterrence test did not always reflect the results of these other tests. The merits of using a variety of methods for determining deterrence and/or toxicity of plant allelochemicals are discussed.     

二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨对常用杀螨剂的敏感性比较

采用玻片浸渍法和叶片残毒法，选用哒螨灵等6种常用杀螨剂对二斑叶螨和朱砂叶螨进行了毒力测定。结果表明，6种供试药剂对二斑叶螨的卵和雌成螨的LC50均明显大于朱砂叶螨，说明二斑叶螨较朱砂叶螨对供试药剂有更强的耐药性。其中，两种害螨对噻螨酮的敏感性差异相对较小，而对喹螨醚、哒螨灵和阿维菌素等其它药剂的敏感性差异很大。     

聚氨酯改性氯丁接枝低毒溶剂型鞋用胶粘剂的研制

研究了一种能粘多种材质的溶剂型鞋用大底胶。该胶为一种聚氨酯改性氯丁、SBS接枝胶,粘接范围广,对PU、TPR、SBS等材质粘接性能比氯丁接枝胶好,适合鞋厂流水生产线;所用溶剂毒性相当低,对人无害,有利于劳动保护和环境保护。     

负离子分解室内有机化合物的测试

低浓度、高毒性的挥发性有机化合物(VOC)污染大气,造成“病态建筑综合症(SBS)”,严重威胁着人们的身体健康。空气中的负离子除有利于人体生理健康以外,还能有效分解空气中的VOC。将一种负离子添加剂添加到墙体涂料中,可以得到一种能有效释放负离子的涂料。本文测试了涂刷负离子添加剂涂料的测试小室中负离子分解总挥发性有机化合物(TVOC)及甲醛的性能,结果证明:涂料释放的负离子能有效分解VOC,使室内VOC的浓度在较短时间内满足GB/T—18883—2002的要求。     

Effects of coralline lime on nutrient uptake and yield of field-grown sweet corn and peanuts in Oxidic soils of Western Samoa

Effects of coralline lime on yield and nutrient uptake by sweet corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) and peanut (Arachis hypogea) were studied at three locations in Western Samoa. Coarse (0-10 mm) coralline material containing 31.1% Ca and 1.67% Mg was used as lime. There were two modes of application: band and broadcast, and three rates: 6, 12 and 18 ton ha^–1. In the highest rainfall location, marketable yields were increased by 250% for peanut and 160% for sweet corn by liming at 6 ton ha^–1, relative to the unamended control. Peanut yield increases were associated with reduced Mn toxicity and/or with Ca and Mg deficiency. Sweet corn was less susceptible to Mn toxicity, but more responsive to exchangeable Ca. The critical level of exchangeable Ca was found to be about 2.0 cmol(+)kg^–1. Applying lime to a band of 0.25-m wide did not reduce yield relative to broadcast. Soil cultivation caused the lime to spread over a wider band, diluting the applied calcium with a larger soil volume, suggesting that less than 6 ton ha^–1 broadcast coarse coralline lime could still be adequate for most Samoan soils.