超声引导双心房输注技术对犬急性肺动脉高压血流动力学的影响

目的 探讨超声引导双心房输注技术对犬急性肺动脉高压（APH）血流动力学的影响.方法 将健康成年杂种犬10只按随机数字表法分为超声引导组（A组）、开胸组（B组） 2组,每组5只.2组均采用氯胺酮10 mg·kg-1肌内注射进行麻醉,按经肺动脉注入血栓栓塞法建立犬APH模型,建模成功后：A组通过Swan-Ganz漂浮导管至右心房给予前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂（Lipo-PGE1）20Jng·kg-1·min-1,通过超声引导,经股动脉逆行置入左心导管至左心房,给予去氧肾上腺素2 μg·kg-1·min-1;B组通过Swaw-Ganz导管至右心房给予A组相同剂量的前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂,经胸正中切口开胸,经左心耳分别插入左心导管,给予A组相同剂量去氧肾上腺素.测量2组麻醉前（T1）,建模成功后给药前（T2）,给药后10tmin（T3）、30 min（T4）、60 min（T5）的心率（HR）、平均动脉压（MAP）、血氧饱和度（SpO2）、中心静脉压（CVP）、平均肺动脉压（MPAP）、肺毛细血管楔压（PCWP）和心排出量（CO）,计算心指数（CI）、全肺阻力指数（PVRI）和体循环阻力指数（SVRI）,并检测各时点的血浆LDH3.结果 2组均制模成功.与T2比较：2组T3-T5 时段MPAP、PVRI值均有显著下降（P＜0.05）; 2组T3-T5 时段CI、MAP和SVRI值均有所上升,但差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）; 2组T4、T5 时段LDH3值均有显著下降（P＜0.05）.各观察指标2组间各时点比较差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）.结论 超声引导双心房输注给予前列腺素E1脂微球载体制剂和去氧肾上腺素能够有效地降低肺动脉高压,同时改善心脏做功,提高CI,降低对体循环血流动力学的影响,改善急性肺动脉高压低心排出量;在减小创伤的同时达到与开胸双心房输注同样效果.     

Water treatment with silicofluorides and lead toxicity

Toxic metals like lead, manganese, copper and cadmium damage neurons and deregulate neurotransmitters like serotonin and dopamine (which are essential to normal impulse control and learning). Earlier studies show that — controlling for socio‐economic and demographic factors — environmental pollution with lead is a highly significant risk factor in predicting higher rates of crime, attention deficit disorder or hyperactivity, and learning disabilities. Exposure and uptake of lead has been associated with industrial pollution, leaded paint and plumbing systems in old housing, lead residues in soil, dietary habits (such as shortages of calcium and iron), and demographic factors (such as poverty, stress, and minority ethnicity). We report here on an additional “risk co‐factor” making lead and other toxic metals in the environment more dangerous to local residents: the use of silicofluorides as agents in water treatment. The two chemicals in question — fluosilicic acid and sodium silicofluoride — are toxins that, despite claims to the contrary, do not dissociate completely and change water chemistry when used under normal water treatment practices. As a result, water treatment with siliconfluorides apparently functions to increase the cellular uptake of lead. Data from lead screening of over 280,000 children in Massachusetts indicates that silicofluoride usage is associated with significant increases in average lead in children's blood as well as percentage of children with blood lead in excess of 10μg/dL. Consistent with the hypothesized role of silicofluorides as enhancing uptake of lead whatever the source of exposure, children are especially at risk for higher blood lead in those communities with more old housing or lead in excess of 15 ppb in first draw water samples where silicofluorides are also in use. Preliminary findings from county‐level data in Georgia confirm that silicofluoride usage is associated with higher levels of lead in children's blood. In both Massachusetts and Georgia, moreover, behaviors associated with lead nurotoxicity are more frequent in communities using silicofluorides than in comparable localities that do not use these chemicals. Because there has been insufficient animal or human testing of silicofluoride treated water, further study of the effect of silicofluorides is needed to clarify the extent to which these chemicals are risk co‐factors for lead uptake and the hazardous effects it produces.     

氟表面活性剂和氟聚合物(V)——PFOS的短碳氟链替代品

主要介绍PFOS的短碳氟链替代品,分析短碳氟链产品作为替代品的可行性依据、性能和环境行为,进一步讨论短碳氟链替代品的研究进展和优化策略,并指出短碳氟链产品当前面临的问题。     

有害结局通路指南及毒性测试应用分析

综述了在21世纪毒性测试愿景与策略倡议下,以及现代科技发展和法规监管体系变革的背景下,有害结局通路(AOP)的提出和发展。重点介绍了AOP的概念和指南,AOP的基本组成、构建条件和信息共享,AOP的网络和评估;讨论了AOP在皮肤致敏和鱼类早期发育2个毒性终点的开发和应用情况,及其作为自上而下和从中间开始的2种AOP开发策略的实例;最后提出了AOP以现代科技发展为动力、毒性预测现代化为基础、推动法规监管模式变革为目标的发展策略。AOP指南也为替代动物测试方法的开发和检测技术创新提供了难得的机遇。     

HPLC法测定拳参中绿原酸和没食子酸含量

采用高效液相二极管阵列检测法同时测定拳参提取物中绿原酸和没食子酸含量。采用ZORBAX SB-C18柱(4.6 mm×0.25 mm,5μm),以体积分数0.2%磷酸水溶液和甲醇为流动相,流速1 mL/min,柱温30℃,检测波长273和327 nm。两种物质加标回收率为95%~105%,峰面积与浓度线性关系良好(r0.999 5)。     

精甲霜灵和咯菌腈复配对烟草黑胫病菌的联合毒力

在实验室条件下,通过菌丝生长速率法测定了精甲霜灵和咯菌腈复配对烟草黑胫病菌(Phytophtora parasitica var.nicotianae)的联合毒力。结果表明:精甲霜灵和咯菌腈,分别以质量比为5:2、3:2、1:1、2:3和2:5复配的共毒系数CTC分别为149.74、167.80、134.13、142.35和167.20,综合增效作用考虑,3:2和2:5为精甲霜灵与咯菌腈混配的最佳配比。     

Effect of Transition Metals on Polysialic Acid Structure and Functions

Polysialic acid (PSA) is one of the most abundant glycopolymer present in embryonic brain, and it is known to be involved in key roles such as plasticity in the central nervous system, cell adhesion, migration and localization of neurotrophins. However, in adult brain, its expression is quite low. The exception to this is in Alzheimer′s disease (AD) brain, where significantly increased levels of polysilylated neural cell adhesion molecule (PSA‐NCAM) have been reported. Here, we confirm the role of PSA as a metal chelator, allowing it to decrease cytotoxicity caused by high levels of transition metals, commonly found in AD brain, and as a regulator of cell behavior. UV‐visible (UV‐vis) and circular dichroism (CD) spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy (AFM), and isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) techniques were used to investigate the assembly of PSA–metals complexes. These PSA–metal complexes exhibited less toxicity compared to free metal ions, and in particular, the PSA–Cu²⁺ complex synergistically promoted neurite outgrowth in PC12 cells.     

Occurrence and Source Apportionment of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Urban Residential Soils from National Capital Region,Uttar Pradesh,India

This study aims to investigate the level of priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and identification of their potential sources in residential soils. During the study, a total 36 soil samples collected from twelve residential locations at Sahibabad-Ghaziabad area of western Uttar Pradesh, India, a constituted part of the National Capital Region of India. Samples extracted using ultrasonication, cleaned with silica and analyzed by diode array detector–high-performance liquid chromatography using acetonitrile/water as mobile phase. The 25th and 75th percentile concentration of ∑PAHs was 264 μg kg^?1 and 584 μg kg^?1, respectively, with mean and median of 445 μg kg^?1 and 421 μg kg^?1. The detection frequency of PAHs in all samples was lower for low molecular weight PAHs (19%) than high molecular weight PAHs (81%). The concentration of seven probable carcinogenic PAHs accounted for 67% of the ∑PAHs. PAHs toxicity potential as benzo(a)pyrene toxicity equivalent ranged between 2.52–253 μg BaP_TEQ kg^?1. Composition profile of PAHs with different aromatic rings and selected diagnostic molecular ratios suggested the local pyrogenic sources of PAHs from vehicular emissions, diesel engines, biomass combustion, gasoline, and coal combustions.     

Acute Generalized Exanthematous Pustulosis: Pathogenesis,Genetic Background,Clinical Variants and Therapy

Acute generalized exanthematous pustulosis (AGEP) is a severe, usually drug-related reaction, characterized by an acute onset of mainly small non-follicular pustules on an erythematous base and spontaneous resolution usually within two weeks. Systemic involvement occurs in about 20% of cases. The course is mostly benign, and only in rare cases complications lead to life-threatening situations. Recent studies highlight the importance of genetic variations in interleukin-36 receptor antagonist gene (IL-36RN) in the pathogenesis of this disease. The physiopathology of AGEP remains unclear, but an involvement of innate and acquired immune cells together with resident cells (keratinocytes), which recruit and activate neutrophils via production of cytokines/chemokines such as IL-17, IL-36, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8 (CXCL8)/IL-8, has been postulated. Treatment is based on the removal of the causative drug, supportive care, infection prevention and use of potent topical or systemic steroids.