人参皂苷诱导骨髓间充质干细胞对急性肝功能衰竭大鼠肝组织再生及Wnt/β-catenin信号表达的影响

目的:分析人参皂苷诱导骨髓间充质干细胞（BMSC）对急性肝功能衰竭（ALF）大鼠肝组织再生及Wnt/β-catenin信号表达的影响。方法:选取SPF级Wistar雄性大鼠66只,其中1只行BMSCs培养,随机选取50只大鼠制备ALF模型,24 h后随机选取其中5只断颈处死,依据大鼠肝功能与组织病理学判别其是否成功造模。剩余15只大鼠将等剂量0.9%氯化钠溶液腹腔注入,作为正常组。成功造模的45只大鼠随机分成3组,分别为BMSCs组、模型组及人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组,每组各15只。造模后6 h,模型组和正常组大鼠由尾静脉注入1 mL细胞培养液,BMSCs组注入1 mL BMSCs悬液（细胞浓度2.0×109/L）,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组注入1 mL人参皂苷诱导分化BMSCs悬液（细胞浓度2.0×109/L）,连续给药10 d。观察大鼠肝脏组织病理状况,血清总胆红素（TBil） 、AST、ALT、TNF-α、IL-6含量,肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a及Wnt2基因表达。结果:正常组大鼠肝细胞无坏死、变性,整齐排列,肝小叶结构清晰,汇管区内没有炎性细胞浸润;模型组大鼠肝细胞表征为广泛坏死,肝小叶内全部肝细胞溶解坏死,网状的支架发生塌陷,汇管区和周边存在大量粒细胞、单核细胞与淋巴细胞的浸润,残余肝细胞变性、肿胀且伴随胆汁淤积;BMSCs组及人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠肝小叶结构趋向完整,肝细胞坏死、变性数量减少,汇管区内有少许炎性细胞浸润,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组又优于BMSCs组。和正常组相比,模型组大鼠血清TBil、AST、ALT、IL-6及TNF-α含量上升;和模型组相比,BMSCs组、人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠血清TBil、AST、ALT、IL-6及TNF-α含量降低;和BMSCs组相比,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠血清TBil、AST、ALT、IL-6及TNF-α含量降低,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。和正常组相比,模型组大鼠肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a、Wnt2 mRNA相对表达量降低;和模型组相比,BMSCs组、人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a、Wnt2 mRNA相对表达量升高;和BMSCs组相比,人参皂苷诱导BMSCs组大鼠肝组织内Wnt7b、Wnt7a、Wnt2 mRNA相对表达量升高,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:人参皂苷诱导BMSCs可显著改善ALF大鼠肝功能,其作用机制可能为激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路加速肝脏再生。     

胰岛素通过PI3K/AKT及PI3K/ERK通路减轻脂多糖对钠泵α1亚基的抑制

目的:研究胰岛素减轻脂多糖对肺泡II型上皮细胞Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达抑制的分子机制。方法:以A549细胞为研究对象,脂多糖（1 μg/mL）诱导8 h后,再加用胰岛素（100 nmol/L）处理4 h,采用Western blot法检测Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达及AKT、ERK1/2、p70s6k、NEDD4-2总蛋白表达及其磷酸化水平变化。结果:A549细胞在1 μg/mL脂多糖作用下,Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基蛋白表达显著降低。胰岛素处理可部分解除脂多糖对A549细胞Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达的抑制。胰岛素上调Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达是通过改变PI3K/AKT及PI3K/ERK通路中关键蛋白AKT、NEDD4-2、ERK1/2、p70s6k的磷酸化水平来实现的。结论:胰岛素通过调控PI3K/AKT及PI3K/ERK通路部分解除脂多糖对肺泡II型上皮细胞Na+-K+-ATPase α1亚基表达的抑制,这为临床上采用胰岛素干预急性呼吸窘迫综合征提供了初步实验依据。     

热活化铅锌尾矿基碱激发胶凝材料的制备及性能

以铅锌尾矿为主要原料,添加由矿渣、钢渣、氟石膏混合而成的辅助胶凝材料,以水玻璃和氢氧化钠为碱激发剂制备铅锌尾矿基碱激发胶凝材料。通过正交试验,探讨了水玻璃模数、水玻璃掺量及尾矿与辅助胶凝材料质量比对胶凝材料抗压强度的影响,并得出最佳原料配比。通过800 ℃、1 000 ℃、1 200 ℃的热处理,制备热活化铅锌尾矿基碱激发胶凝材料,并测试其性能。采用X射线衍射谱、傅里叶红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜对热活化前后尾矿和胶凝材料进行分析表征。结果表明,当水玻璃模数为1.8,水玻璃质量掺比为0.15,尾矿与辅助胶凝材料质量比为7 ∶3时,胶凝材料28 d抗压强度可达到20.68 MPa。胶凝材料内部形成大量水化硅酸钙(C-S-H)与硅铝多聚物构成三维网状结构,覆盖在尾矿晶体表面形成致密整体。当热活化温度为1 000 ℃时,胶凝材料28 d抗压强度达到28.05 MPa。热活化后的尾矿内部结构疏松,利于硅铝质在碱性条件下解聚,同时使得反应体系中生成了更多硅铝多聚体,取代了二聚体为主的C-S-H凝胶,为胶凝材料提供了更优良的抗压强度和早硬特性。此外胶凝材料对Pb、Zn重金属的固定作用极好,大幅降低了尾矿重金属Pb、Zn的毒性浸出浓度,有效解决了尾矿中重金属对周围环境的危害问题。     

Label‐free monitoring of inflammatory tissue conditions using a carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation rat model

Although the confirmation of inflammatory changes within tissues at the onset of various diseases is critical for the early detection of disease and selection of appropriate treatment, most therapies are based on complex and time‐consuming diagnostic procedures. Raman spectroscopy has the ability to provide non‐invasive, real‐time, chemical bonding analysis through the inelastic scattering of photons. In this study, we evaluate the feasibility of Raman spectroscopy as a new, easy, fast, and accurate diagnostic method to support diagnostic decisions. The molecular changes in carrageenan‐induced acute inflammation rat tissues were assessed by Raman spectroscopy. Volumes of 0 (control), 100, 150, and 200 µL of 1% carrageenan were administered to rat hind paws to control the degree of inflammation. The prominent peaks at [1,062, 1,131] cm^?1 and [2,847, 2,881] cm^?1 were selected as characteristic measurements corresponding to the C–C stretching vibrational modes and the symmetric and asymmetric C–H (CH₂) stretching vibrational modes, respectively. Principal component analysis of the inflammatory Raman spectra enabled graphical representation of the degree of inflammation through principal component loading profiles of inflammatory tissues on a two‐dimensional plot. Therefore, Raman spectroscopy with multivariate statistical analysis represents a promising method for detecting biomolecular responses based on different types of inflammatory tissues.     

冷等离子体对真菌毒素降解的研究进展

真菌毒素可损害动物和人的健康,并给食品行业造成经济损失。冷等离子体作为新兴的非热技术,具有绿色环保、高效等优势,在真菌毒素降解方面颇有成效。本文总结了冷等离子体处理后真菌毒素降解机理,论述了不同放电方式及处理条件下的冷等离子体处理后黄曲霉毒素、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、玉米赤霉烯酮的降解产物结构,阐述可能的降解路径,综述了冷等离子体对真菌毒素纯品及依附于食品基质上的真菌毒素的降解效果,从真菌毒素降解产物毒性角度,从结构毒性、细胞毒性、动物毒性三个方面分别探讨冷等离子体处理后的安全性和可行性,为冷等离子体在降解食品真菌毒素方面的应用提供参考。     

Genetic Profiles and Risk Stratification in Adult De Novo Acute Myeloid Leukaemia in Relation to Age,Gender, and Ethnicity: A Study from Malaysia

Hitherto, no data describing the heterogeneity of genetic profiles and risk stratifications of adult acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) in Southeast Asia are reported. This study assessed genetic profiles, Moorman’s hierarchical classification, and ELN 2017-based risk stratifications in relation to age, gender, and ethnicity in Malaysian adult AML patients. A total of 854 AML patients: male (52%), female (48%) were recruited comprising three main ethnic groups: Malays (59%), Chinese (32%) and Indians (8%). Of 307 patients with abnormal karyotypes: 36% exhibited translocations; 10% deletions and 5% trisomies. The commonest genotype was FLT3-ITD-NPM1wt (276/414; 66.7%). ELN 2017 risk stratification was performed on 494 patients, and 41% were classified as favourable, 39% as intermediate and 20% as adverse groups. More females (47%) were in the favourable risk group compared to males (37%), whereas adverse risk was higher in patients above 60 (24%) of age compared to below 60 (18%) patients. We observed heterogeneity in the distribution of genetic profiles and risk stratifications between the age groups and gender, but not among the ethnic groups. Our study elucidated the diversity of adult AML genetic profiles between Southeast Asians and other regions worldwide.     

取代芳烃急性毒性的自相关拓扑研究

提出表征成键原子生物活性的特征值Ai,由Ai建构自相关拓扑指数tF,并用0阶指数0F,1价指数1F研究了取代芳烃对发光菌、呆鲦鱼的急性毒性,给出了相关方程。结果表明,新方法计算简单,应用方便,估算结果均优于相应的文献方法。     

Root GS and NADH-GDH Play Important Roles in Enhancing the Ammonium Tolerance in Three Bedding Plants

Ammonium is a paradoxical nutrient because it is more metabolically efficient than nitrate, but also causes plant stresses in excess, i.e., ammonium toxicity. Current knowledge indicates that ammonium tolerance is species-specific and related to the ammonium assimilation enzyme activities. However, the mechanisms underlying the ammonium tolerance in bedding plants remain to be elucidated. The study described herein explores the primary traits contributing to the ammonium tolerance in three bedding plants. Three NH₄⁺:NO₃⁻ ratios (0:100, 50:50, 100:0) were supplied to salvia, petunia, and ageratum. We determined that they possessed distinct ammonium tolerances: salvia and petunia were, respectively, extremely sensitive and moderately sensitive to high NH₄⁺ concentrations, whereas ageratum was tolerant to NH₄⁺, as characterized by the responses of the shoot and root growth, photosynthetic capacity, and nitrogen (amino acid and soluble protein)-carbohydrate (starch) distributions. An analysis of the major nitrogen assimilation enzymes showed that the root GS (glutamine synthetase) and NADH-GDH (glutamate dehydrogenase) activities in ageratum exhibited a dose-response relationship (reinforced by 25.24% and 6.64%, respectively) as the NH₄⁺ level was raised from 50% to 100%; but both enzyme activities were significantly diminished in salvia. Besides, negligible changes of GS activities monitored in leaves revealed that only the root GS and NADH-GDH underpin the ammonium tolerances of the three bedding plants.     

Fentanyl but Not Morphine or Buprenorphine Improves the Severity of Necrotizing Acute Pancreatitis in Rats

Opioids are widely used for the pain management of acute pancreatitis (AP), but their impact on disease progression is unclear. Therefore, our aim was to study the effects of clinically relevant opioids on the severity of experimental AP. Various doses of fentanyl, morphine, or buprenorphine were administered as pre- and/or post-treatments in rats. Necrotizing AP was induced by the intraperitoneal injection of L-ornithine-HCl or intra-ductal injection of Na-taurocholate, while intraperitoneal caerulein administration caused edematous AP. Disease severity was determined by laboratory and histological measurements. Mu opioid receptor (MOR) expression and function was assessed in control and AP animals. MOR was expressed in both the pancreas and brain. The pancreatic expression and function of MOR were reduced in AP. Fentanyl post-treatment reduced necrotizing AP severity, whereas pre-treatment exacerbated it. Fentanyl did not affect the outcome of edematous AP. Morphine decreased vacuolization in edematous AP, while buprenorphine pre-treatment increased pancreatic edema during AP. The overall effects of morphine on disease severity were negligible. In conclusion, the type, dosing, administration route, and timing of opioid treatment can influence the effects of opioids on AP severity. Fentanyl post-treatment proved to be beneficial in AP. Clinical studies are needed to determine which opioids are best in AP.     

Human Endothelial Progenitor Cells Protect the Kidney against Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury via the NLRP3 Inflammasome in Mice

Ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is a major cause of acute kidney injury (AKI) and progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, no effective therapeutic intervention has been established for ischemic AKI. Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) have major roles in the maintenance of vascular integrity and the repair of endothelial damage; they also serve as therapeutic agents in various kidney diseases. Thus, we examined whether EPCs have a renoprotective effect in an IRI mouse model. Mice were assigned to sham, EPC, IRI-only, and EPC-treated IRI groups. EPCs originating from human peripheral blood were cultured. The EPCs were administered 5 min before reperfusion, and all mice were killed 72 h after IRI. Blood urea nitrogen, serum creatinine, and tissue injury were significantly increased in IRI mice; EPCs significantly improved the manifestations of IRI. Apoptotic cell death and oxidative stress were significantly reduced in EPC-treated IRI mice. Administration of EPCs decreased the expression levels of NLRP3, cleaved caspase-1, p-NF-κB, and p-p38. Furthermore, the expression levels of F4/80, ICAM-1, RORγt, and IL-17RA were significantly reduced in EPC-treated IRI mice. Finally, the levels of EMT-associated factors (TGF-β, α-SMA, Snail, and Twist) were significantly reduced in EPC-treated IRI mice. This study shows that inflammasome-mediated inflammation accompanied by immune modulation and fibrosis is a potential target of EPCs as a treatment for IRI-induced AKI and the prevention of progression to CKD.