一种双尾双季铵盐表面活性剂的合成及其性能

通过霍夫曼烷基化反应和季铵化反应,以溴代十二烷为原料,哌嗪为联结基合成了一种双尾双季铵盐表面活性剂,通过溴酚蓝两相滴定法,测定产物的含量w=98.11%,用IR和1HNMR对产物的结构进行了表征。测定了55℃下产物水溶液的临界胶束浓度(cm c)为0.50 mmol/L,γcm c为28.95 mN/m。抑菌活性实验结果表明,产物对褐球固氮菌、硝化细菌、金葡萄球菌、黄瓜脚斑病菌、蜡样芽孢杆菌和铜绿假单胞菌具有优异的抑菌效果,合成产物属于低毒化合物。     

4种新烟碱类杀虫剂对马铃薯甲虫的触杀毒力比较

[目的]马铃薯甲虫已在北疆为害近20年,多年的化学防治使其对常规农药产生了抗药性,寻找替代农药品种变得十分迫切与必要。[方法]采用点滴法于2009、2010年测定了4种新烟碱类杀虫剂对新疆北疆6县市马铃薯甲虫4龄幼虫的触杀毒力。[结果]4种新烟碱类杀虫剂对这些田间种群均具有很好的毒杀效果,吡虫啉、噻虫嗪、噻虫啉和啶虫脒相对毒力比为1∶0.87∶1.90∶7.20,其中啶虫脒的毒力最强而噻虫嗪最弱。[结论]4种新烟碱类农药对马铃薯甲虫4龄幼虫触杀毒力的差异与其田间种群对常规农药的抗性无关,可用于马铃薯甲虫防治及抗药性治理。     

荔枝蝽臭液对常见仓储害虫的熏蒸毒力

[目的]鉴于荔枝蝽臭液的特性以及粮食储藏中害虫危害的严峻形势,采用三角瓶密闭熏蒸法探讨了荔枝蝽臭液对常见仓储害虫的熏蒸潜力。[结果]结果表明:荔枝蝽雄虫臭液24 h熏蒸毒力的LC50值分别为米象0.5247μL/L、谷蠧6.3125μL/L、四纹豆象2.4068μL/L、黄斑露尾甲3.7753μL/L;荔枝蝽雌虫臭液24 h熏蒸毒力的LC50值分别为米象0.4803μL/L、谷蠧6.3803μL/L、四纹豆象2.5936μL/L、黄斑露尾甲3.7925μL/L。[结论]荔枝蝽臭液对米象、谷蠧、四纹豆象和黄斑露尾甲等仓储害虫具有很好的熏蒸毒力,可望能从荔枝蝽臭液中筛选出有效的天然熏蒸化合物。     

Production and characterization of glycolipid biosurfactant from Streptomyces enissocaesilis HRB1 and its evaluation for biomedical and bioremediation applications

The aim of this investigation is to produce and characterize biosurfactant from Streptomyces sp. HRB1 and to evaluate its biomedical and bioremediation potential. Biosurfactant producing property of Streptomyces sp. HRB1 isolated from petroleum contaminated soil was confirmed by hemolytic and oil spread assays. Based on the results of FT-IR spectral and GC–MS analysis, the biosurfactant was confirmed as glycolipid type. Biosurfactant from Streptomyces sp. HRB1 exhibited 71% inhibition against Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation, 77.33% quorum sensing inhibition property against Chromobacterium violeceum MTCC 2656, more than 80% inhibition in antioxidant assays namely, DPPH, ABTS, and metal chelation, promising anti-proliferative activity against leukemia and myeloma cells with low IC₅₀ values, 96% decolorization of malachite green within 48 h of reaction time, and minimal toxicity against normal cell lines in dose-dependent manner. The taxonomic position of the potential strain HRB1 was further confirmed as Streptomyces enissocaesilis HRB1 based on their phenotypic and molecular characteristics. To conclude, Streptomyces enissocaesilis HRB1 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil is a promising source for low-cost production of glycolipid biosurfactant with potential biomedical and environmental applications such as antiphytofungal, antibiofilm, anti-quorum sensing, antioxidant, anticancer, and dye degradation properties.     

镀锌层无铬钝化工艺研究

开发了一种无铬无毒的环保型镀锌层钝化工艺，通过试验研究了钝化液成分和工艺条件对钝化膜的影响情况。钢铁件在锌酸盐或酸性镀锌15μm后，采用此工艺钝化，得到的钝化膜抗白锈试验24h，中性盐雾试验72h达到5级（符合国家标准），钝化液排放达到环保要求。     

几种藻类毒性试验统计方法的差异

在农药对藻类毒性试验结果的统计过程中，应用不同的统计方法，所得出的EC50值也存在一定差异。就所查到的统计方法进行了归纳，总结为三大类：面积法、生长速率法和相对数量法，并以实例证明这三种统计方法之问确实存在一定的差异。     

Bioassays with Stigeoclonium tenue Kütz. on waters receiving sewage effluents

Stigeoclonium tenue Kützing (Chlorophyceae) was tested as bioassay organism on water receiving effluents of two sewage treatment plants. The PO₄---P and NH₄---N concentration declined with increasing distance from the effluent discharge. Growth potentials were low and inhibited, in assays with undiluted effluents, and relatively high at some distance from the points of discharge. At greater distances growth potentials tended to decrease with increasing distance from the plants. At distant sites nitrogen or phosphorus limitation could be determined. When ratio's of inorganic nitrogen to inorganic phosphorus, N/P, were lower than 7, nitrogen was primary limiting, at ratio's above 10, phosphorus became the limiting factor. Possible growth inhibiting factors in the effluents are discussed.     

HCR工艺处理有机磷农药废水的试验研究

某农药厂由于废水处理工程改扩建的需要，委托笔者采用高效好氧生物反应器(HCR)对有机磷农药废水进行处理试验研究，分别进行了浓度冲击试验和负荷冲击试验。试验结果表明，HCR对有机磷农药废水有一定的处理效果，但不理想，本文分析了造成这种结果的原因，并提出了下一步试验建议方案。     

溶剂对硝苯柳胺合成影响的研究

研究了用二甲苯代替氯苯用作合成硝苯柳胺的溶剂 ,实验结果表明 ,用二甲苯不但能降低合成成本、降低溶剂的毒性和污染 ,而且还能使合成工艺得到优化 ,提高产品的纯度和产率 ,具有很好的推广应用价值。     

Effects of nitrobenzene and zinc on acetate utilizing methanogens

Determination of anaerobic degradation rates and toxic effects of nitrobenzene (NB) on acetate utilizing methanogens was the first objective of this research. Serum bottles were used for anaerobic toxicity assays with an acetate enrichment culture of methanogens. Ten mg/l of nitrobenzene did not inhibit total gas production in the acetate enrichment methanogenic culture. Twenty and thirty mg/l of nitrobenzene caused reversible inhibition of methanogenesis. Batch kinetic experiments showed that 20 mg/l of nitrobenzene was degraded with a first-order rate constant, k, of 0.37 d⁻¹. Acetate was not degraded during the first 7 days when the measured nitrobenzene concentration was higher than about 1 mg/l. The second objective was to determine the effect of zinc on nitrobenzene degradation in methanogenic systems. Ten mg/l of spiked zinc caused a reduction of gas production in the systems with 10 mg/l of nitrobenzene; 20 mg/l of zinc led to failures of systems with 10 and 20 mg/l of nitrobenzene. With 10 and 20 mg/l of added zinc, the k value for nitrobenzene degradation decreased to 0.18 d⁻¹ and 0.14 d⁻¹, respectively. With 20 mg/l of Zn, acetate was not degraded at all even after nitrobenzene concentration reached 0.1 mg/l, indicating toxicity of Zn to methanogenesis. Abiotic control tests with autoclaved culture showed that adsorption alone could remove 60–70% of spiked nitrobenzene in 36 days. However, the samples extracted from solids in the methanogenic test systems showed that nitrobenzene was below the detection limit of 0.1 mg/l, indicating biodegradation of nitrobenzene in these systems. Traces of benzene were seen as an intermediate in the liquid samples. Headspace analysis showed that nitrobenzene and benzene were below detection limits.