Adsorption Characterization for Multi‐Component Organic Matters by Titanium Oxide (TiO2) in Wastewater

Abstract

In this study, an experimental and analytical study on adsorption and adsorption kinetics of organic matters in titanium oxide (TiO₂, Degussa P25) with synthetic wastewater was investigated. In order to understand the removal of different organic sizes in detail molecular weight (MW) distribution of organics matters was examined in terms of number and weight‐average MW. The large MW (33950 dalton) of synthetic organic matters (SOMs) was significantly removed by TiO₂ adsorption and the slight decrease of the small MW (970 dalton) occurred with time. A characterization method was applied to evaluate the composition of SOMs in terms of adsorbability by adsorption of TiO₂. Several adsorption equilibrium and batch kinetics experiments were conducted with different initial concentrations of SOMs and different amounts of adsorbent. A binomial distribution(s) of SOM fraction with the Freundlich coefficient (k) was obtained. The synthetic wastewater was explained by a finite number of pseudospecies (N) identified with a Freundlich isotherm constant (k) value. These parameters were determined by the characterization procedure, together with ideal adsorbed solution theory (IAST) with the pseudospecies number method. Prediction of adsorption isotherm and kinetics derived from a binomial concentration distribution of the characterization procedure were in good agreement with experimental data conducted.     

膨润土对有机染料的吸附

采用分光光度法对膨润土以及改性膨润土吸附工业有机染料的能力进行了测定。膨润土以及改性膨润土对于不同的有机染料其吸附能力不同，染料色越深，越不易被吸附；经活化处理过的膨润土对染料具有更好的吸附脱色性能。     

PP/无机粒子复合纤维吸附性能的研究

通过熔融共混和表面涂覆两种方法制备了不同种类的PP/无机粒子复合纤维 ,对其表面形态进行SEM观察 ,并应用自行设计的吸附装置对纤维的吸附性能进行分析。研究发现 ,PP/纳米粒子复合纤维的吸附性能明显优于PP/微米粒子复合纤维的吸附性能 ;而其中PP/纳米SiO2 复合纤维的吸附性能最好 ,吸附量较之于纯PP提高了 44 %。     

Application of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria in restoration of saline and alkaline soils of Songnen Plain in China

The salt-resistant nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria 888 was experimentally applied to the reclamation of saline and alkali soil in Songnen Plain in China. The pH, electrical conductivity (EC) and sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) of different saline soils were studied and compared. Results show that different saline soils exhibit various physico-chemical properties. Saline-sodic soils in Songnen Plain are ameliorated by using nitrogen-fixing blue-green algae 888 in the experiment. It is indicated that cyanobacteria 888 can grow in saline and alkaline soils, and the conditions favorable for its growth are soil moisture of 50% and dry algae inoculation at 0.03 mg/cm2. The main actions of nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria are keeping the adsorbability of rubber sheath for sodium, increasing the organic matter content of the soils and decreasing the pH and the degree of salinity in the soils. But the arid climate and soil depth are the main factors that limit the restoration of saline and alkaline soils.     

膨润土改性与印染废水脱色研究

试验分别采用焙烧法、酸浸法（HCl）、盐浸法（NaCl）对辽宁钙基膨润土进行了改性处理,并利用改性膨润土对印染废水进行吸附脱色性能的研究。结果表明：改性膨润土的吸附性能优于天然钙基膨润土,其中500℃焙烧后改性的膨润土吸附效果最佳。最佳脱色工艺条件为：体系pH值1～3、搅拌时间20 min、改性土用量30 g/200 mL。经过处理的废水水样,色度去除率达到99.0%以上,化学需氧量（CODcr）为92.16 mg/L,达到了国家一级排放标准（GB8978-1996）。     

双酸改性对低品位凹凸棒石吸附性能和白度的影响

以低品位凹凸棒石为原料,采用双酸活化法,对原料及酸改性样品进行了SEM、XRD、XRF、BET表征及分析,以其对大豆油的脱色率为性能评价,探讨了双酸改性对低品位凹凸棒石吸附性能和白度的影响规律。研究表明,低品位凹凸棒石的改性方法采用双酸活化法——先硫酸酸化再盐酸酸化,得到的样品对大豆油的脱色率为76.83%,达到国家标准值,白度也较高,为71.8%。低品位凹凸棒石原矿中含钙物质的杂质较多,硫酸改性后吸附性能没有得到明显提高,可能是由于微溶的硫酸钙残留在样品表面或孔隙中。此外,低品位凹凸棒石及酸改性样品对大豆油除了物理吸附外,还存在一定的化学吸附。     

聚酯二甘醇含量测定方法的改进

用玻璃毛细管柱代替不锈钢填充柱在色谱仪上进行二甘醇含量测定，可以克服原不锈钢柱存在的吸附、不稳定现象，提高分析的稳定性及准确度。     

高压湿热处理平菇工艺优化及其对物性和吸附性的影响

以平菇对调味油的吸附性及感官品质评价为考核指标,采用响应面分析方法筛选平菇高压湿热处理最佳工艺,同时考察高压湿热处理对其物性及表观的影响。结果表明：压力0.06 MPa、处理时间15 min、原料水分含量76%处理后的平菇,其物性明显优于未经高压湿热处理平菇。经高压湿热处理后平菇对调味油的吸附值为50.11 mg/g,较未处理样提高35.18%。物性测试结果表明高压湿热处理平菇硬度降低,弹性增强,咀嚼性得到改善。扫描电镜图显示高压湿热处理平菇较未处理样组织结构明显变得膨胀疏松,形成明显的网络结构,预示高压湿热处理可明显改善平菇食品的口感及风味。     

常压宽间距辉光等离子体改性醋酸纤维

利用宽间距常压空气辉光等离子体对香烟滤嘴用的醋酸纤维束进行了表面处理研究。通过对醋酸纤维毛细效应的测试以及电子扫描显微镜的观察和分析,发现醋酸纤维经等离子体处理后,其毛细效应(简称毛效)有显著的提高,表面经等离子体刻蚀后出现明显的褶皱痕迹,该实验结果表明:醋酸纤维经等离子体处理后,其表面积增大,吸附性能增强。     

阜新麦饭石矿产资源的基础研究

本文对阜新麦饭石矿产资源的地质概况及其溶出性能与吸附性能进行了研究。研究结果表明:阜新麦饭石矿体分布比较简单,矿产资源丰富,麦饭石性能优良,能够溶出大量人体所需的有益元素,同时具有良好的吸附性,能够有效的吸附重金属元素,具有广阔的研究、开发与利用价值。