Degradable Superhydrophilic Iron-Pillared Bentonite Doped with Polybutylene Adipate/Terephthalate Open-Cell Foam: Its Application in Dye Degradation,Removal of Heavy Metal Ions,and Oil–Water Separation

Development of industrialization has brought convenience to people's lives; however, it has also brought serious harm to the environment, where, water pollution is the most obvious. Here, a polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) open-cell foam doped with iron-pillared bentonite (IPB) is prepared by using sugar as a pore-forming agent and solution phase separation, and then combined with a solution dipping method to coat the foam surface with a polyacrylamide/SiO₂, which makes the PBAT foam superhydrophilic. The static adsorption effect of superhydrophilic IPB-doped PBAT open-cell foam on methylene blue (MB) and Cu²⁺ is studied. The adsorption isotherm fitting shows that the adsorption conforms to the Langmuir model and it has biased toward monolayer adsorption. The adsorption kinetics fitting confirms that the adsorption process is in line with the pseudo-second-order adsorption model, which is dominated by chemical adsorption. The modified PBAT open-cell foam has an adsorption effect on Cu²⁺; however, it has weak cyclic adsorption capacity. It shows a good cyclic adsorption ability for the cationic dye MB and it has >95% photodegradation efficiency of the MB after five time's cyclic adsorption. The superhydrophilicity makes the foam to have better applications in oil–water separation.     

A new application of Hydroxyapatite extracted from dromedary bone: Adsorptive removal of Congo red from aqueous solution

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the efficiency of the natural hydroxyapatite powder for anionic dye (Congo red) elimination from water and optimization of adsorption process parameters that are contact time (0-360 min), solution pH (4-9), initial dye concentration (400-2400 mg/l), and adsorbent dosage (0.4-20 g/l). Natural hydroxyapatite with high surface area was prepared from animal agriculture waste dromedary bone. X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, transform infrared spectroscopy, and elemental analysis characterizations of the powder prepared show a hexagonal structure, the irregular form of hydroxyapatite and presence of other elements as trace element. The results of adsorption tests demonstrated the high efficiency of natural hydroxyapatite for removal of Congo red from water solution whose maximum experimental capacity adsorption of Congo red by natural hydroxyapatite is 900 mg/g at pH 4.5, equilibrium time 240 min and adsorbent dosage 2 g/l. According to the correlation coefficient value, the pseudo-second order kinetic model identified the sorption mechanism of pollutant used on natural hydroxyapatite. The Freundlich isotherm is the best representative theoretical model of the dye molecules’ adsorption on the natural hydroxyapatite support.     

不同晶型纳米二氧化锰制备及对亚甲基蓝吸附性能

以高锰酸钾（KMnO₄）为氧化剂、硫酸亚铁铵[（NH₄）₂Fe（SO₄）₂]为还原剂,用水热氧化还原反应制备了层状δ-二氧化锰和隧道型α-二氧化锰纳米材料。用X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）和氮气吸-脱附技术对产物的晶型、形貌及孔结构进行了表征。实验结果表明,δ-二氧化锰呈花状微球形貌,具有介孔结构（平均孔径为3.4 nm）,BET比表面积为219 m²/g;α-二氧化锰呈纳米线束形貌,具有部分介孔结构（平均孔径为35.7 nm和154.6 nm）,BET比表面积为26 m²/g。研究了不同晶型纳米二氧化锰对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。实验结果表明,在相同条件下α-二氧化锰的吸附性能优于δ-二氧化锰,且在碱性环境下吸附效果较好。当反应时间达到120 min时,α-二氧化锰和δ-二氧化锰对亚甲基蓝的去除率分别为84.4%和82.9%。     

磁性金属有机框架材料制备及吸附性能研究

利用简单的溶剂热法合成了MIL-101（Fe）/CoFe₂O₄和MIL-101（Fe）/NiFe₂O₄磁性金属有机框架纳米复合材料。通过X射线衍射仪（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、振动磁强计（VSM）、热重分析仪（TGA）和紫外可见分光光度计（UV）等对复合材料的相结构、形貌、磁性能和吸附性能进行了研究。将磁性金属有机框架材料用于吸附污水中罗丹明B（RhB）,研究了罗丹明B初始质量浓度对复合材料吸附能力的影响。结果表明,制备的磁性金属有机框架复合材料的形貌均匀、结晶度高,具有高的饱和磁化强度。复合物具有金属有机框架材料和磁性材料的双重优点。MIL-101（Fe）/CoFe₂O₄对罗丹明B有较高的吸附能力（97.3 mg/g）。热力学研究发现吸附等温方程符合Langmuir模型,吸附动力学研究表明吸附机制与吸附质和吸附剂有关。磁性金属有机框架纳米复合材料作为污水处理剂将具有广阔的应用前景。     

含钛高炉渣制备CaTiO3-多孔地质聚合物光降解吸附材料

含钛高炉渣作为固体废弃物,国内存量巨大,且其中的钛组元难以提取,导致含钛高炉渣综合利用一直没有得到有效解决。针对当前含钛高炉渣利用率低、附加值低等问题,基于含钛高炉渣成分特点,通过选择性析晶(CaTiO₃优势析出)、碱激发,制备出CaTiO₃-多孔地质聚合物的复合材料。试验结果表明,析晶温度1 400 ℃、保温1 h能够促进CaTiO₃的优势析出,而剩余氧化物以玻璃相形式存在。制备出的CaTiO₃-多孔地质聚合物材料结合了CaTiO₃高光催化活性与多孔地质聚合物比表面积大的优点,对亚甲基蓝具有优异的吸附效果,最大吸附量可达60.4 mg/g。在投加量为50 mg,2 h吸附、3 h光降解条件下,对亚甲基蓝去除率可达94.5%,在治理有机污染领域有良好的应用前景。     

Sulfur in chromia

The solubility of sulfur in chromia has been studied in H₂-H₂O-H₂S tagged with³⁵S at 973 and 1173 K at low oxygen and sulfur partial pressures typical for coal gasification-systems. For monocrystalline samples, it has been shown that sulfur-containing species are only present adsorbed on the surface of the specimens and can be removed by ultrasonic cleaning in acetone. The surface coverage after 4 weeks of exposure to H₂-H₂O-H₂S was between 2.8 and 19.3% of a monolayer. In polycrystalline chromia, sulfur was located only in pores and cracks of the sample. In dense, compact areas of the specimens the solubility of sulfur was below the detection limit of autoradiography, which was estimated to be better than 0.17 ppm.     

无铅钎料的研究现状及进展

从环保概念出发,介绍了使用无铅钎料的必要性;综述了近几年国内外无铅钎料的研究现状;分析了无铅钎料研究必须解决的几个关键问题,并提出了解决这些问题的思路和建议。     

ADSORPTION MECHANISMS OF HS-IONS ON SULPHIDE MINERAL SURFACES RELATED TO Na_2S-INDUCED FLOTATION

The adsorption mechanisms of HS~- ions existing in air-saturated alkaline solutions on sulphide minerals (including pyrite, arsenopyrite, chalcopyrite and galena) were investigated. The measurement of adsorption density, solvent extraction-chemical analysis of neutral sulphur at the surfaces, measurements of pulp potential and voltammogram, and flotation tests were done. Both the electrochemical and non-electrochemi cal adsorption models of HS~- ions were established. The former was observed and resulted in the formation of neutral sulphur (S°)when the pyrite and arsenopyrite were chosen, and hence renders the surfaces hy drophobic and induced the two minerals flotation. It is called Na_2S-induced flotation. On the other hand, the latter took place and did not produce S° when the chalcopyrite and galena were selected, and hence de presses the collectorless flotation of the two minerals. The adsorptions of HS~- ions were mainly influenced by potentials, pH and the electron structures of the mineral surfaces.     

Experimental study of NiO electrical conductivity changes under low oxygen pressures

The electrical conductivity of NiO was measured at 740°C in an oxygen pressure range of 10^–2 –1.3 Torr. By means of continuous recording, longtime experiments were performed. The results show that for any admittance of oxygen, the electrical conductivity initially increased and then decreased to its initial value. For pressures higher than 0.1 Torr the decrease of the signal was reduced and the time required to attain the initial value sometimes reached several days. These results suggest that the electrical conductivity changes may be considered as a transitory phenomenon connected to attaining gassolid equilibrium.