The one that does, leads: Action relations influence the perceived temporal order of graspable objects.

Perception and action are influenced by the “possibilities for action” in the environment. Neuropsychological studies (e.g., Riddoch, Humphreys, Edwards, Baker, & Willson, 2003) have demonstrated that objects that are perceived to be interacting (e.g., a corkscrew going toward the top of a wine bottle) are perceptually integrated into a functional unit, facilitating report of both objects. In addition, patients with parietal damage tend to report the “active” item of the pair (the corkscrew in the above example) when the objects are positioned for action, overriding their spatial bias toward the ipsilesional side. Using a temporal order judgment task we show for the first time that normal viewers judge that active objects appear earlier when they are positioned correctly for action. This effect is not dependent on a learned relationship between objects, or on the active object being integrated at a perceptual level with the object it is paired with. The data suggest that actions afforded by a correctly positioned active object permeate normal perceptual judgments. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

基于情感与可供性结构矩阵的产品创新设计研究

目的 旨在弥补可供性结构矩阵在情感内容方面上的不足,进一步明确可供性结构矩阵在产品创新设计中的使用过程。方法 用更为客观的熵权法代替可供性结构矩阵原有的赋权方式,从而实现情感因素的引入,同时结合鱼骨图和冲突矩阵进行问题的分析求解,并以扫地机器人的产品创新进行方法论证。结果 把已有的可供性结构矩阵工具作为一个主导工具,提出了将情感-熵值法将情感因素融入可供性结构矩阵中,形成了完整的产品创新设计流程。结论 对扫地机器人的改进设计证明了该方法的实用性和有效性,丰富完善了可供性结构矩阵方法体系,对之后的产品设计实践提供了参考。     

视觉可供性研究综述

可供性是指在环境内物体所提供的一系列交互可能,描述环境属性与个体之间的连接过程。其中,视觉可供性研究即通过使用图像、视频等视觉数据,探究视觉主体与环境或物体交互的可能性,涉及到场景识别、动作识别、物体检测等相关领域。视觉可供性可广泛应用于机器人、场景理解等领域。根据目前已有的相关研究,按功能可供性、行为可供性、社交可供性三方面对视觉可供性进行分类,并针对每一类可供性检测方法按照传统机器学习方法和深度学习方法进行详细论述。对当前典型的视觉可供性数据集进行归纳与分析,对视觉可供性的应用方向及未来可能的研究方向进行讨论。     

A part affordance-based approach for capturing detailed design knowledge

Design knowledge reuse is widely accepted as an effective strategy for designers to develop robust artifacts with less time and lower cost. However, there has been very little research on how to help designers capture detailed design knowledge for reuse. As a result, most detailed design knowledge still has to remain in designers’ memories as tacit knowledge, which can easily get lost due to oblivion or the mobility of designers. Therefore, this paper attempts to develop a part affordance-based approach for externalizing and capturing detailed design knowledge for effective reuse. It first introduces a part model for representing the detailed design-related information. Based on the relational theory for design, the concept, part affordance, is then employed to help designers externalize and capture various lifecycle factors that are implicit in a detailed design. Based on the affordance constraint axiom, a systematic approach is then proposed for deriving tacit design knowledge from captured part affordances through the analysis of extreme working situations. The proposed approach has been implemented as the Design Knowledge-Capturing System (DKCS). A fixture design case has been employed to illustrate the proposed approach.     

Digitally enabled affordances for community‐driven environmental movement in rural Malaysia

The immense environmental challenges facing society today have necessitated a research effort toward exploring digitally enabled solutions for environmental problems. Only limited research exists today to inform our understanding on how technology could assist groups of individuals in cultivating collective commitment and engaging in actions for environmental sustainability. By presenting an in‐depth case study of a social media‐enabled grassroots environmental movement in rural Malaysia, this paper aims to illuminate and understand an underresearched phenomenon of community‐driven environmental sustainability. This study makes 2 contributions: (1) we draw on the perspective of technology affordances to shed light on both the enabling power and unintended consequences of social media in the pursuit of environmental sustainability; and on that account, (2) we contribute rich, empirically informed insights toward understanding the underresearched phenomenon of digitally enabled, community‐driven environmental sustainability.     

生态知觉视角下的环境媒体广告设计思路探析

目的 基于生态知觉理论视角解析环境媒体广告要素,探析其能够与周围环境更加和谐,与受众互动更为自然,信息传达更为流畅的设计思路与策略.方法 通过对环境媒体广告概念的界定与特点的梳理,从生态知觉视角入手分析了环境媒体广告设计要素,即受众要素、自然环境要素、人为环境要素三个维度,并进一步将其细化,最终提出三条适应生态知觉理论的环境媒体广告设计思路与策略.结论环境媒体广告的设计应围绕环境媒体广告与受众、环境这一整体展开,引导受众融入广告强化体验、多媒介交融协调、自然环境与人为环境有机结合的设计思路与策略有利于环境媒体广告的设计与信息传播,更好体现广告的人性关怀和环境友好性,研究将对环境媒体广告设计中关于广告与受众互动关系、广告和环境和谐等问题提供新的研究视角与有益启示.     

基于视知觉动力理论的智能产品圆形数字界面的交互原语研究

目的智能产品正在快速发展,也被越来越多人所关注。圆形作为智能可交互产品的一种界面形态,具有异于传统矩形界面的特殊的行为操作语言和视觉认知。圆形界面需要进行有针对性、系统性的设计法则及交互原语的探索来促进智能产品圆形界面交互体验的提升。方法在示能性视域下,基于视知觉动力理论,探索能使用户下意识地感受到使用行为的圆形界面的设计出发点。通过研究中国传统文化对于圆形的认知,找出圆形在人的认知中与行为相即的行为模型,从而形成与形态相符合的交互原语。结果结合实践案例和多案例的分析,多维度地梳理了圆形界面的交互行为特征,形成了交互模型。结论系统地基于形态示能理论提出了符合自然交互行为特征的立体与平面两类圆形界面的设计范式和交互原语,依据实践案例分析模型对实际问题的价值与局限。     

Analysing the use of interactive technology to implement interactive teaching

Abstract   Recent policy initiatives in England have focused on promoting 'interactive' teaching in schools, with a clear expectation that this will lead to improvements in learning. This expectation is based on the perceived success of such approaches in other parts of the world. At the same time, there has been a large investment in Information and Communication Technology (ICT) resources, and particularly in interactive whiteboard technology. This paper explores the idea of interactive teaching in relation to the interactive technology which might be used to support it. It explains the development of a framework for the detailed analysis of teaching and learning in activity settings which is designed to represent the features and relationships involved in interactivity. When applied to a case study of interactive teaching during a lesson involving a variety of technology-based activities, the framework reveals a confusion of purpose in students' use of an ICT resource that limits the potential for learning when students are working independently. Discussion of relationships between technical and pedagogical interactivity points a way forward concerning greater focus on learning goals during activity in order to enable learners to be more autonomous in exploiting ICT's affordances, and the conclusion identifies the variables and issues which need to be considered in future research which will illuminate this path.     

Turing machine as an ecological model for task analysis

A new model for task analysis is presented based on the ecological approach initiated by cognitive work analysis (CWA). This model aims to improve the implementation of the theoretical principles involved in the ecological approach of a work system. More precisely, under current CWA, task analysis uses Rasmussen's ladder. However, this approach fails to highlight the contextual constraints on the task. This model is based on the Turing machine formalism and takes into account the variety of situations that can be experienced by an agent and especially degraded situations of work. Moreover, it can model the concept of affordance-specifying information. It is shown that this formalism can be applied to a prototypical task, such as opening a door.     

Imitation and Affordance Learning by Pigeons (Columba livia).

The bidirectional control procedure was used to determine whether pigeons (Columba livia) would imitate a demonstrator that pushed a sliding screen for food. One group of observers saw a trained demonstrator push a sliding screen door with its beak (imitation group), whereas 2 other groups watched the screen move independently (possibly learning how the environment works) with a conspecific either present (affordance learning with social facilitation) or absent (affordance learning alone). A 4th group could not see the screen being pushed (sound and odor control). Imitation was evidenced by the finding that pigeons that saw a demonstrator push the screen made a higher proportion of matching screen pushes than observers in 2 appropriate control conditions. Further, observers that watched a screen move without a demonstrator present made a significantly higher proportion of matching screen pushes than would be expected by chance. Thus, these pigeons were capable of affordance learning. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)