水稻组织特异性蛋白质相互作用网络构建方法

组织特异的基因表达和蛋白质相互作用是研究基因调控、蛋白质功能、细胞过程的重要部分.相较于其他模式生物在蛋白质相互作用研究方面的进展,高等模式植物水稻中组织特异性蛋白质相互作用的研究十分缺乏.因此,提出了一种用于水稻组织特异性蛋白质相互作用网络构建的计算方法.该方法主要包含三部分:第一,在统一标准下融合多数据识别组织特异的基因;第二,提出了新的同源映射方法,并集成6种模式生物相互作用数据构建和评估目标物种蛋白质相互作用网络;第三,构建不同组织的蛋白质相互作用子网,并筛选高可靠的蛋白质相互作用.为了验证方法的有效性,构建并分析了水稻首个组织特异的蛋白质相互作用网络(PTSN4R:Predicted Tissue-Specific Network for Rice). PTSN4R包含了水稻23个组织的组织特异基因及对应的组织特异蛋白质相互作用子网,为分析组织特异的基因表达和蛋白质相互作用提供了便利条件. PTSN4R有助于理解水稻的生长调控机制,为水稻增产提供线索.同时,提出的方法能够方便的应用到其他物种,促进组织特异的蛋白质相互作用网络的研究.     

基于KANO-AHP-FCE模型下的传统村落文创产品设计研究

目的 解决传统村落文创产品如何进行特色化设计的问题。方法 首先,通过KANO模型结合层次分析法进行木棉村文创产品设计需求类型的筛选及重要程度排序;其次,通过景观基因识别法提取木棉村文化基因;最后,运用分析结果来执行设计方案,并使用模糊综合评价法来评定设计方案的可行性。结果 结合上述方法进行木棉村文创设计实践,取得了较好的效果,能够提高文化元素利用的丰富性和准确性;能够清晰、系统地分析目标用户需求及重要程度,进而降低设计师的主观偏差,提高设计评价的客观性。结论 针对传统村落特定的文化内涵和资源特点,开发出注重人文情感化的文创产品,且兼顾目标客户精神层面的满足和情感体验,符合市场需求。对其他传统村落文创设计有一定的参考和借鉴作用。     

基于文化基因的杨家埠木版年画文创产品设计

目的 探索杨家埠木版年画的保护与传承,构建杨家埠木版年画文化基因图谱,并进行文化创意产品设计,助力我国非物质文化遗产的现代化转化、助推社会经济和文化创意产业的发展。方法 首先,通过文献研究、实地调查等研究手段对杨家埠木版年画资料进行分类、整理、归纳;其次,基于文化基因对杨家埠木版年画进行形态因子、色彩因子、纹样因子及语义因子的再提取并绘制基因图谱。结果 生成杨家埠木版年画文化基因的延展IP形象盲盒、日历等文创产品实践案例,印证了文化基因理论指导杨家埠木版年画文创产品设计的可行性。结论 文化基因图谱梳理了杨家埠年画的文化要素,有效地指导了杨家埠木版年画的文化创意设计,同时对其他非物质文化遗产传承与发展具有借鉴意义。     

2016—2017年广西食用植物油质量安全监测评价分析

对广西食用植物油质量安全水平和污染程度进行监测评价。2016—2017年对广西14个地级市共抽检监测食用植物油3 821份,按照 GB/T 5009 检测酸价、过氧化值、浸出油溶剂残留、黄曲霉毒素B1、总砷、铅和苯并(a)芘,并依据 GB 2716—2005对食用油进行评价。结果表明：抽检食用植物油总合格率为 92.04%;2016、2017年食用植物油合格率分别为96.70%和91.22%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。从种类看,玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油合格率分别为100%、93.75%和99.61%。花生油合格率最低,为87.83%,黄曲霉毒素B1超标是花生油不合格的主要原因,检出率为8.85%。从包装看,预包装食用植物油的合格率（99.70%）明显高于散装（83.72%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。食用植物油生产加工环节的合格率最低,为88.01%。广西玉米油、芝麻油和其他食用植物油相对而言抽检合格率较高,花生油合格率较低,应加强花生油的抽检监测和监督管理,通过严格落实生产经营者主体责任,积极引导消费者科学理性消费,持续深化小油坊专项治理,不断强化质量安全控制技术研究,逐步推进广西食用植物油安全水平稳步提升。     

Identification and Functional Analysis of MicroRNAs in Mice following Focal Cerebral Ischemia Injury

Numerous studies have demonstrated that genes, RNAs, and proteins are involved in the occurrence and development of stroke. In addition, previous studies concluded that microRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are closely related to the pathological process of ischemic and hypoxic disease. Therefore, the aims of this study were to quantify the altered expression levels of miRNAs in the infarct region 6 h after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO)-induced focal cerebral ischemia in mice using a large-scale miRNAs microarray. Firstly, MCAO-induced cerebral ischemic injuries were investigated by observing the changes of neurological deficits, infarct volume and edema ratio. One hundred and eighteen differentially expressed miRNAs were identified in the infarct region of mice following the MCAOs compared with sham group (p < 0.05 was considered as significant). Among these 118 significantly expressed microRNAs, we found that 12 miRNAs were up-regulated with fold changes lager than two, and 18 miRNAs were down-regulated with fold changes less than 0.5 in the infarct region of mice following the 6 h MCAOs, compared with the sham group. Then, these 30 miRNAs with expression in fold change larger than two or less than 0.5 was predicted, and the functions of the target genes of 30 miRNAs were analyzed using a bioinformatics method. Finally, the miRNA-gene network was established and the functional miRNA-mRNA pairs were identified, which provided insight into the roles of the specific miRNAs that regulated specified genes in the ischemic injuries. The miRNAs identified in this study may represent effective therapeutic targets for stroke, and further study of the role of these targets may increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying ischemic injuries.     

High-Resolution Chromosome Ideogram Representation of Currently Recognized Genes for Autism Spectrum Disorders

Recently, autism-related research has focused on the identification of various genes and disturbed pathways causing the genetically heterogeneous group of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). The list of autism-related genes has significantly increased due to better awareness with advances in genetic technology and expanding searchable genomic databases. We compiled a master list of known and clinically relevant autism spectrum disorder genes identified with supporting evidence from peer-reviewed medical literature sources by searching key words related to autism and genetics and from authoritative autism-related public access websites, such as the Simons Foundation Autism Research Institute autism genomic database dedicated to gene discovery and characterization. Our list consists of 792 genes arranged in alphabetical order in tabular form with gene symbols placed on high-resolution human chromosome ideograms, thereby enabling clinical and laboratory geneticists and genetic counsellors to access convenient visual images of the location and distribution of ASD genes. Meaningful correlations of the observed phenotype in patients with suspected/confirmed ASD gene(s) at the chromosome region or breakpoint band site can be made to inform diagnosis and gene-based personalized care and provide genetic counselling for families.     

Recent advances of flowering locus T gene in higher plants

Flowering Locus T (FT) can promote flowering in the plant photoperiod pathway and also facilitates vernalization flowering pathways and other ways to promote flowering. The expression of products of the FT gene is recognized as important parts of the flowering hormone and can induce flowering by long-distance transportation. In the present study, many FT-like genes were isolated, and the transgenic results show that FT gene can promote flowering in plants. This paper reviews the progress of the FT gene and its expression products to provide meaningful information for further studies of the functions of FT genes.     

Characteristics of Staphylococcus hyicus strains isolated from pig carcasses in two different slaughterhouses

In a previous study, we showed that coagulase positive staphylococci, which are often used as indicators for Staphylococcus aureus, are frequently found on pig carcasses. Further characterization of the strains identified only a minor part as S. aureus. Selected non-S. aureus strains were all identified as Staphylococcus hyicus, However, two studies described in this species strains that produce staphylococcal enterotoxins. The aim of the present study was to further characterize such coagulase positive S. hyicus strains isolated from pig carcasses and to assess the results for their food safety relevance. A total of 189 strains from two abattoirs were characterized. Phenotypically, 98.9% showed non-pigmented colonies, 99.5% no haemolysis and 67.7% were egg yolk-positive. DNase activity was found in all but one isolate. Only five of the 189 strains were resistant to the antimicrobials tested. One strain harboured the mecA gene. Exfoliative toxin genes were detected in 31 (16.4%), S. aureus enterotoxin genes in none of the strains.The PFGE genotyping results show only a limited number of clusters. Cluster I included more than 50% of the strains. The fact that similar or closely related PFGE patterns of S. hyicus can be found on carcasses after bleeding in both abattoirs indicates the occurrence of widespread strains in the Swiss pig population. Moreover, the genotyping results revealed a remarkable homogeneity in S. hyicus strains isolated from different process stages in abattoir B, which could indicate a recontamination problem with persisting strains.     

Ultra Low-Dose Radiation: Stress Responses and Impacts Using Rice as a Grass Model

We report molecular changes in leaves of rice plants (Oryza sativa L. - reference crop plant and grass model) exposed to ultra low-dose ionizing radiation, first using contaminated soil from the exclusion zone around Chernobyl reactor site. Results revealed induction of stress-related marker genes (Northern blot) and secondary metabolites (LC-MS/MS) in irradiated leaf segments over appropriate control. Second, employing the same in vitro model system, we replicated results of the first experiment using in-house fabricated sources of ultra low-dose gamma (γ) rays and selected marker genes by RT-PCR. Results suggest the usefulness of the rice model in studying ultra low-dose radiation response/s.     

国外花生研究进展

介绍国外对花生的加工处理如烘烤和油炸,及对花生壳的利用。分析了对花生凝集素的研究,特别是控制黄曲霉毒素以实现花生的贮藏与加工的安全。