Candidate Genes and Pathways in Rice Co-Responding to Drought and Salt Identified by gcHap Network

Drought and salinity stresses are significant abiotic factors that limit rice yield. Exploring the co-response mechanism to drought and salt stress will be conducive to future rice breeding. A total of 1748 drought and salt co-responsive genes were screened, most of which are enriched in plant hormone signal transduction, protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum, and the MAPK signaling pathways. We performed gene-coding sequence haplotype (gcHap) network analysis on nine important genes out of the total amount, which showed significant differences between the Xian/indica and Geng/japonica population. These genes were combined with related pathways, resulting in an interesting mechanistic draft called the ‘gcHap-network pathway’. Meanwhile, we collected a lot of drought and salt breeding varieties, especially the introgression lines (ILs) with HHZ as the parent, which contained the above-mentioned nine genes. This might imply that these ILs have the potential to improve the tolerance to drought and salt. In this paper, we focus on the relationship of drought and salt co-response gene gcHaps and their related pathways using a novel angle. The haplotype network will be helpful to explore the desired haplotypes that can be implemented in haplotype-based breeding programs.     

The Profile of MicroRNA Expression and Potential Role in the Regulation of Drug-Resistant Genes in Doxorubicin and Topotecan Resistant Ovarian Cancer Cell Lines

Epithelial ovarian cancer has the highest mortality among all gynecological malignancies. The main reasons for high mortality are late diagnosis and development of resistance to chemotherapy. Resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs can result from altered expression of drug-resistance genes regulated by miRNA. The main goal of our study was to detect differences in miRNA expression levels in two doxorubicin (DOX)- and two topotecan (TOP)-resistant variants of the A2780 drug-sensitive ovarian cancer cell line by miRNA microarray. The next aim was to recognize miRNAs as factors responsible for the regulation of drug-resistance genes. We observed altered expression of 28 miRNA that may be related to drug resistance. The upregulation of miR-125b-5p and miR-935 and downregulation of miR-218-5p was observed in both DOX-resistant cell lines. In both TOP-resistant cell lines, we noted the overexpression of miR-99a-5p, miR-100-5p, miR-125b-5p, and miR-125b-2-3p and decreased expression of miR-551b-3p, miR-551b-5p, and miR-383-5p. Analysis of the targets suggested that expression of important drug-resistant genes such as the collagen type I alpha 2 chain (COL1A2), protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type K (PTPRK), receptor tyrosine kinase—EPHA7, Roundabout Guidance Receptor 2 (ROBO2), myristoylated alanine-rich C-kinase substrate (MARCK), and the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) can be regulated by miRNA.     

Effect of Trichoderma asperellum on Wheat Plants’ Biochemical and Molecular Responses,and Yield under Different Water Stress Conditions

Eight Trichoderma strains were evaluated for their potential to protect wheat seedlings against severe (no irrigation within two weeks) water stress (WS). Considering the plant fresh weight and phenotype, T. asperellum T140, which displays 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid deaminase activity and which is able to produce several phytohormones, was selected. The molecular and biochemical results obtained from 4-week-old wheat seedlings linked T140 application with a downregulation in the WS-response genes, a decrease in antioxidant activities, and a drop in the proline content, as well as low levels of hydrogen peroxide and malondialdehyde in response to severe WS. All of these responses are indicative of T140-primed seedlings having a higher tolerance to drought than those that are left untreated. A greenhouse assay performed under high nitrogen fertilization served to explore the long-term effects of T140 on wheat plants subjected to moderate (halved irrigation) WS. Even though all of the plants showed acclimation to moderate WS regardless of T140 application, there was a positive effect exerted by T. asperellum on the level of tolerance of the wheat plants to this stress. Strain T140 modulated the expression of a plant ABA-dependent WS marker and produced increased plant superoxide dismutase activity, which would explain the positive effect of Trichoderma on increasing crop yields under moderate WS conditions. The results demonstrate the effectiveness of T. asperellum T140 as a biostimulant for wheat plants under WS conditions, making them more tolerant to drought.     

Circadian Rhythm Dysregulation and Leukemia Development: The Role of Clock Genes as Promising Biomarkers

The circadian clock (CC) is a daily system that regulates the oscillations of physiological processes and can respond to the external environment in order to maintain internal homeostasis. For the functioning of the CC, the clock genes (CG) act in different metabolic pathways through the clock-controlled genes (CCG), providing cellular regulation. The CC’s interruption can result in the development of different diseases, such as neurodegenerative and metabolic disorders, as well as cancer. Leukemias correspond to a group of malignancies of the blood and bone marrow that occur when alterations in normal cellular regulatory processes cause the uncontrolled proliferation of hematopoietic stem cells. This review aimed to associate a deregulated CC with the manifestation of leukemia, looking for possible pathways involving CG and their possible role as leukemic biomarkers.     

电子鼻同步检测花生霉菌及霉菌毒素

利用电子鼻技术,建立了花生受不同霉菌感染后的霉变程度及毒素含量的同步快速检测方法。花生经辐照灭菌后接种5 种常见霉菌（3 种产毒菌株、2 种非产毒菌株）,于培养箱（26 ℃、相对湿度80%）中培养6 d。每天取出不同霉菌污染的样品采集电子鼻信号,同时测定其菌落总数和黄曲霉毒素B1（aflatoxin B1,AFB1）含量,建立不同霉菌感染下霉变程度及毒素含量定性判别模型。主成分分析结果显示不同霉菌污染下有一定的聚类趋势,且污染样品位于可接受样品的上方;利用线性判别分析和偏最小二乘判别分析整体准确率达到80%以上,其中根据产毒菌株和非产毒菌株分类正确率高于95.7%,根据AFB1含量分类正确率90%以上,根据菌落总数分类正确率较低。所有模型中假阴性均低于17%。因此,电子鼻技术对不同霉菌感染下的霉变程度及毒素含量的测定具有可行性。未来研究应继续扩大样品数量,补充受其他更多霉菌侵染及不同品种的花生样品,同时考虑实际情况,以提高模型的准确性和稳定性。     

同时检测玉米中黄曲霉毒素B1和赭曲霉毒素A的时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条的研制

研究制备了一种可同时快速定量检测黄曲霉毒素B1 (aflatoxin B1,AFB1)和赭曲霉毒素A(ochratoxin A,OTA)的二联时间分辨荧光免疫层析试纸条.采用铕系时间分辨荧光微球分别标记AFB1和OTA单克隆抗体,优化荧光微球活化pH值、标记的抗体浓度、荧光探针使用量、检测线包被原浓度、质控线羊抗鼠Ig...     

酿酒酵母的基因改良

酿酒酵母的发酵性能直接影响到酒的质量与生产成本。利用基因工程改良酿酒酵母可提高其生产性能。基因改良酿酒酵母的研究和应用有：①增加酿酒酵母发酵性能的基因改良，如：构建含α-乙酰乳酸脱羧酶基因的低双乙酰工程酵母；含乙醇乙酰酶基因的高生香工程酵母；含糖化酶、葡聚糖酶等基因的高发酵度工程酵母；高絮凝性工程酵母和嗜杀酵母。②增强或缺失酵母自身基因的菌种改良，如构建高级醇低生成量的工程酵母和构建双乙酰低生成量的工程酵母。     

酱油中黄曲霉毒素B1检测方法的探讨

利用免疫亲和柱净化维康4系列荧光计检测酱油中黄曲霉毒素B1，添加回收率在90％以上。该方法操作简单安全，定量快速准确。     

啤酒有害菌的PCR检测和SYBR Green实时PCR定量

啤酒有害菌是一些能在啤酒中存活并使啤酒的外观和风味发生改变的细菌,对其进行快速检测和定量是啤酒生产急待解决的问题。我们从华润雪花啤酒（中国）有限公司各工厂提供的样品中分离到28株啤酒有害菌,16S rDNA序列的系统进化分析表明,其中26个菌株属于乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus spp．）、1个菌株为明串珠菌属（Leuconostoc spp．）,1个菌株为片球菌属（Pediococcu sp．）。根据酒花（hop）抗性基因horA、horB和horC的保守序列设计了扩增这3个基因的PCR引物,用这些引物对28株啤酒有害菌进行了常规PCR检测,检出率分别为89％、79％和75％,用hor A—horC双引物进行检测,检出率为100％。用SYBR Green实时定量PCR技术,以horA基因为靶序列,建立了对啤酒有害菌的细胞数进行快速定量的新方法,用该方法测定的污染啤酒样品中有害菌的浓度与平板培养法相近。     

浓香花生油生产技术实践

对浓香花生油生产技术实践进行了介绍,包括炒籽压榨制油、蒸炒压榨制油工艺及低温水化脱胶、低温无水脱胶工艺,并对浓香花生油调香、黄曲霉毒素的脱除、劣质花生及花生油的处理及花生油中矿物油含量的控制等问题进行讨论,为工业化生产安全优质的浓香花生油提供参考。