Al、V微合金高强度船板的研究

采用Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机测试了2种微合金钢(Al、Al V)经1150℃加热、20％压缩变形条件下的显微组织状态，结果表明，Al、V复合强化的试验钢以2℃／s速度冷却时，钢中出现针状铁素体。冷却速度为5℃／s时出现贝氏体，而Al强化钢中出现针状铁素体的冷速要达到5℃／s，因此建议生产含V钢时冷速控制在1～5℃／s。     

碳化钨辊和合金辊在棒材切分轧制中的应用

针对在棒材切分轧制中使用普通轧辊存在的问题,采用了碳化钨辊和合金辊,并取得了较好的经济效益。同时介绍了在使用两种轧辊中应注意的问题。     

以Cu-Ti复合渗镀为先导的Si3N4陶瓷/金属钎焊连接

提出一种陶瓷表面多元离子复合渗镀合金化方法,采用该方法对Si3N4陶瓷表面进行Cu-Ti复合渗镀,然后在复合渗镀真空设备中进行渗镀Cu-Ti的Si3N4陶瓷与金属的钎焊.对Si3N4陶瓷表面的Cu-Ti渗镀合金层进行了EDS、XRD、SEM、OM测试分析和声发射划痕试验.结果表明,渗镀层中含有Cu、Ti、Fe、Si及Al元素,Cu、Ti分布比较均匀,渗镀合金层由Cu、CuTi2、TiSi2组成;声发射划痕试验结果表明,在100 N的最大载荷下,渗镀合金层与陶瓷基体未发生剥离和崩落现象.在100倍的光学显微镜及5000倍的电子显微镜下,钎焊接头中陶瓷/金属界面接合良好,无明显的宏观和微观缺陷.可在较低的真空度下实现陶瓷/金属钎焊,为陶瓷/金属钎焊连接提供了一个新方法.     

Nb掺杂对Ti-Al合金化层抗高温氧化性能的影响

为提高钛合金TC4的抗高温氧化性能,采用激光表面合金化技术在钛合金表面制备不同Nb掺杂量的Ti-Al合金化层。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、箱式电阻炉等对合金化层的组织结构和高温氧化行为进行分析测试。结果表明,合金化层主要组成物相为TiAl以及少量的Ti_3Al相。Nb主要以置换溶质原子的形式固溶于合金化层中。合金化层组织均匀,与基体呈典型的冶金结合,在不含Nb的Ti-Al合金化层中发现大量的表层裂纹及少量的贯穿性裂纹,而在Nb掺杂的合金化层中未发现明显的宏观裂纹。合金化层在800℃保温1000h的氧化增重显著低于基体,表现出优异的抗高温氧化性能。相比而言,随着Al含量和Nb掺杂量的提高,合金化层的抗高温氧化能力也随之提高。Nb掺杂提高Ti-Al合金化层抗高温氧化性能的作用机理包括减少TiO_2中的空位缺陷、细化氧化物颗粒及促进Al_2O_3的形成。     

Improving corrosion resistance of Q235 steel by Ni-Cr alloyed layer

Ni-Cr alloyed layer was formed on surface of Q235 steel by double glow plasma surface metallurgy to improve the corrosion resistance of substrate. The composition and microstructure of alloyed layer was analyzed by SEM and XRD. Potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was applied to evaluate the corrosion resistance of the alloyed layer. The results showed working pressure had a great effect on structure of Ni-Cr alloyed layer, and the dense and smooth alloyed layer was prepared at 50 Pa working pressure. Compared with substrate, Ni-Cr alloyed layer exhibited higher corrosion potential, lower corrosion current density and larger charge transfer resistance, which indicated that Ni-Cr alloyed layer significantly modified the corrosion resistance of Q235 steel.     

铸件表面合金化合金层组织及耐磨性能研究

采用加入YB成型剂进行铸件表面合金化的独特方法,在铸钢ZG65Mn本体表面得到含高Cr、W等元素的合金化层,合金层耐磨性明显提高,加入WC后耐磨性可达本体材料的4倍.     

Teachers' and Pupils' Behavior in Large and Small Classes: A Systematic Observation Study of Pupils Aged 10 and 11 Years.

The authors examined class size effects on teacher-pupil interactions, pupil engagement, and pupil-pupil interaction. They extended previous research by recognizing the hierarchical nature of observation data and the possible influence of other variables. The study used a time sampling method involving 257 children (aged 10-11 years) in 16 small (25 or under) and 26 large (31 and over) classes. In small classes, there were more individualized task-related contacts between teacher and pupils and a more active role for pupils. These results confirmed those from earlier research on children aged 4 and 5 years. Against expectation, class size did not affect pupil on-task behavior or peer interaction. There was a moderating role for school subject and a beneficial effect of teaching assistants. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)     

国外新一代塑壳断路器的现状和发展动向

介绍了近年来国外著名电气公司开发的新一代塑壳断路器(如双断点触头系统、电子脱扣器、可通信断路器、接地故障保护和剩余电流保护等)及其技术指标、产品结构特点和技术发展方向,对国外塑壳断路器的发展进行了全面的阐述。     

DAE for Frictional Contact Modeling of Constrained Multi-Flexible Body Systems

A general formulation for modeling frictional contact interactions in a constrained multi-flexible body system is outlined in this paper. The governing differential-algebraic equations (DAE) for the constrained motion contains not only a frictional term but also, the unknown contact conditions. These contact conditions are characterized by a set of nonlinear complementarity equations. To demonstrate the model, a falling-spinning beam impacting a rough elastic ground with damping is solved and comparison with Stewart-Trinkles' results provided.