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141.
The GaSb layers investigated were grown directly on GaAs substrates by molecular beam epitaxy (MBE) using SnTe source as the
n-type dopant. By using admittance spectroscopy, a dominant deep level with the activation energy of 0.23-0.26 eV was observed
and its concentration was affected by the Sb4/Ga flux ratio in the MBE growth. A lowest deep-level concentration together with a highest mobility was obtained for GaSb
grown at 550°C under a Sb4/Ga beam equivalent pressure (BEP) ratio around 7, which should correspond to the lowest ratio to maintain a Sb-stabilized
surface reconstruction. In the Hall measurement, an analysis of the temperature-dependent mobility shows that the ionized
impurity concentration increases proportionally with the sample’s donor concentration, suggesting that the ionized impurity
was introduced by an SnTe source. In addition, optical properties of an undoped p-, a lightly and heavily SnTe-doped GaSb
layers were studied by comparing their photoluminescence spectra at 4.5K. 相似文献
142.
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144.
Cell suspensions of Escherichia coli as a model for bacterial populations in wastewaters were treated with ozone as a disinfectant in a continuously operated pilot plant with a plug flow reactor. Suspensions with an initial number of CFU (colony forming units) of 108 mL?1 were ozonized with ozone concentrations up to 12 mg/L. Metabolic activities and membrane functions break down with increasing ozone concentrations. The fluorochromization using 3′,6′-diacetylfluorescein (FDA) proved to be a suitable method for the detection of an alteration in permeability of the cell membranes and an inactivation of metabolic activity. By fluorescence microscopic and photometric investigations it could be clearly demonstrated that, in the case of disinfection with ozone, inactivation of the cells includes first of all a damage of the cell membranes. In contrast to the determination of the number of CFU, fluorochromization allows the detection of alteration in metabolic activities. 相似文献
145.
Second-law-based thermodynamic analysis of two-stage and mechanical-subcooling refrigeration cycles 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Thermodynamic analysis of HFC-134a vapor-compression refrigeration cycles is investigated by both the first and second laws of thermodynamics. Second-law analysis is carried out for both two-stage and mechanical-subcooling refrigeration cycles. The analysis is performed on each of the system components to determine their individual contribution to the overall system irreversible losses. It is found that most of the losses are due to a low compressor efficiency. Irreversibilities of expansion valves and condenser are also significant. In addition, it is shown that the optimum inter-stage pressure for two-stage and mechanical-subcooling refrigeration systems is very close to the saturation pressure corresponding to the arithmetic mean of the refrigerant condensation and evaporation temperatures. These results are compared with the existing practice in the industry. Furthermore, theoretical results of a two-stage refrigeration system performance are also compared with experimental values for a CFC-22 system. 相似文献
146.
研究添加不同含量的Ag对CP276合金的拉伸性能和时效组织的影响。对拉伸强度、延伸率测试及透射电镜观察表明:0.11wt%加入可促进T1相析出,使合金强度值升高;0.35wt%Ag的加入可在时效前期生成富Ag、Mg的稳定的GP区,从而降低合金中Cu的固溶度,阻碍T1相析出,时效后期,GP区分解,生成大量T1相,使合金强度值显著升高。 相似文献
147.
148.
Amanda LaCoste Karen M. Schaich David Zumbrunnen Kit L. Yam 《Packaging Technology and Science》2005,18(2):77-87
Researchers from Rutgers University and Clemson University have collaborated to develop a concept of using smart blending to generate functional packaging films for the controlled release of active compounds such as antimicrobials, antioxidants and flavour compounds to extend the shelf‐life of food. In this paper, literature results are reviewed to justify the significance of controlled release packaging (CRP) and the research gaps for further development are identified. A major research gap is the lack of packaging materials that can provide the release of active compounds at rates suitable for a wide range of food packaging applications. Smart blending is a promising technology for bridging this research gap. To fully realize the potentials of smart blending, a systematic approach for developing CRP using smart blending is also presented. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
149.
对KCl与NaCl在低盐固态酱油发酵中的应用进行了比较研究。结果表明:用KCl代替NaCl,KCl的浓度要高于NaCl才能抑制发酵期间杂茵的污染,且使用KCl的发酵效果比NaCl要好。 相似文献
150.