Improvement of device performances by thin interlayer in conjugated polymers/methanofullerene plastic solar cell

Recent studies have reported that a thin interlayer between poly(3, 4-ethylene dioxythiophene)-poly(styrene sulfonic acid) (PEDOT: PSS) and an emissive polymer layer leads to a large increase in the performances of polymer light-emitting diodes (PLEDs) by preventing significant quenching of the radiative excitons at the PEDOT: PSS interface; therefore, acting as an efficient exciton-blocking layer. Using the similar idea, a thin interlayer was fabricated between PEDOT: PSS and the active layer of conjugated polymers/methanofullerene composites in a plastic solar cell. The interlayer consisted of a poly(fluorene)-based hole transporter spin-coated directly on top of the PEDOT: PSS layer. The devices with the interlayer exhibited a higher efficiency than in those without the interlayer.     

Sidechain liquid crystal polymers

Research has continued in the field sidechain liquid crystal polymers over recent years, but it is becoming clearer that this research is being directed away from the traditional technology areas of electro-optic devices and researchers are developing new and exciting applications for this novel state of matter.     

Electrochemical,FTIR and morphological study of polypyrrole—Polystyrenesulphonate conducting films

The electrochemical behaviour, FTIR spectrum and the morphology of polypyrrole-polystyrenesulphonate (PPy-PSS) films obtained potentiostatically at 0.6 V in a 0.05m Py + 1.7 × 10^?2m NaPSS medium have been analysed. Different electrochemical parameters have been modified in order to establish the first polaron formation, the reversibility of the redox process and the doping mechanism. The FTIR spectrum confirms the existence of C?O groups in the film structure and two possible explanations are suggested. SEM reveals a higher homogeneity in these films than in PPy films doped with smaller counterions.     

Carbon fibre composites based on polyimide/silica ceramers: aspects of structure-properties relationship

Polyimide/silica ceramers, based on the products of the hydrolysis of tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) and a commercial poly(amic acid) solution, were used to fabricate unidirectional carbon fibre composites, which were subsequently evaluated with respect to thermal and mechanical properties. There is evidence to suggest that the silica component of these ceramers is present as dispersed discrete particles at low silica concentration (i.e. 7 wt%) and as fine interconnected domains trapped within the polyimide matrix at higher silica content (i.e. 14 wt%). The dimensions of the silica domains were in the region of 7–20 nm. Carbon fibre composites produced from ceramer solutions (CF/ceramers) were found to exhibit lower thermal expansion and a greater retention of flexural and interlaminar shear properties at elevated temperature than the corresponding polyimide-matrix composites (CF/polyimide). The properties of CF/ceramers were generally better for systems containing the higher amount of silica and were improved further by lowering the pH value of the precursor ceramer solution. This is believed to have resulted from the enhanced fluidity of the ceramer gel within the pre-impregnated fibres, giving rise to a higher packing density of the fibres and a more homogeneous distribution of fibres. CF/ceramers were also found to exhibit a better thermal oxidative stability at 350°C than the corresponding CF/polyimide, although a substantial amount of porosity developed in the case of ceramers with the higher silica content.     

高聚物布袋注浆桩成桩规律试验研究

高聚物布袋注浆桩是针对既有建筑物地基加固工程而开发的一种新型地基加固技术。为探讨该新技术对既有建筑物地基加固工程的适用性,通过不同密度及不同分层情况土体中的注浆成桩试验,研究了高聚物布袋注浆桩的施工工艺、成桩规律和加固效果等内容。试验结果表明:高聚物布袋桩挤密土体效果明显,成桩后桩径可达到2~3倍预钻孔直径;在相同注浆量的条件下,桩径随着土体密度的增大而减小,桩体密度随着土体密度的增大而增大;同时,高聚物布袋注浆桩能很好地通过硬质夹层,形成哑铃形桩体,对软土地基起到明显的加固作用。现场轻型动力触探试验结果表明,经高聚物布袋注浆桩加固处理后的土体,轻型动力触探试验的锤击数平均增加2~3次,提高了30%~50%,加固效果显著,充分论证了高聚物布袋注浆桩用于加固软弱地基的可行性。     

UV-laser assisted Fabrication of integrated-optical Waveguides

By UV-laser-irradiation a controllable change of the refractive index of some polymers can be attained in the irradiated zone. The detailed UV-photon-induced process mechanisms have been investigated on the basis of PMMA employed as an UV-modifiable model polymer. By mask lithographic methods the UV-laser-assisted technology for the modification of the polymer optical properties enables the local increase of the refractive index and thus the fabrication of integrated-optical waveguiding elements in the surface of a planar polymer chip. These elements are relevant for the manufacturing of complex integrated-optical components. The optical and functional properties of the integrated-optical waveguides have been characterized.     

考虑剪切变形的轴心受压GFRP圆管临界荷载

为了考虑剪切变形对玻璃纤维增强复合材料（GFRP）构件屈曲荷载的影响,利用Engesser剪切变形理论,推导考虑剪切变形和初弯曲的临界荷载. 应用于GFRP圆管时,考虑材料各向异性特征对剪切系数及强度的影响. 对4根具有不同长细比的GFRP圆管试件进行轴压试验. 结果表明,GFRP圆管在截面强度估算时应综合考虑轴向纤维压缩破坏和环向基体拉伸破坏. 所推导的临界荷载计算式的结果和试验结果吻合良好.     

特种聚合物材料表面金属化前处理工艺的研究进展

对不同类型的聚合物及其复合材料表面金属化前处理工艺进行了综述,讨论了影响镀层附着力的主要因素,展望了特种聚合物表面金属化前处理工艺的前景。     

Room-Temperature Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries Using Metal Organic Framework Composited Comb-Like Methoxy Poly(ethylene glycol) Acrylate Solid Polymer Electrolytes

Solid polymer electrolyte with good thermal stability and flexibility is an excellent candidate for solid-state lithium metal batteries, while its low ionic conductivity caused by high crystallinity limits its application at ambient temperature. Here a metal organic framework (zeolitic imidazolate framework-8, ZIF-8) composited comb-like methoxy poly(ethylene glycol) acrylate polymer electrolyte (MCPE) with high ionic conductivity (9.96 × 10⁻⁵ S cm⁻¹ at 30 °C) is prepared by an in situ UV polymerization method. The as-prepared MCPE exhibits improved mechanical property due to the introduction of porous ZIF-8 nanofillers, which is beneficial to suppress the growth of lithium dendrites. Consequently, the LiFePO₄||MCPE||Li cells show a high capacity of 116 mAh g⁻¹ at 30 °C and 0.5 C, and maintain 89.4% of initial capacity after 150 cycles with the average Coulombic efficiency of 99.9%. These results demonstrate that the MCPE shows great potential in solid-state lithium metal batteries near room temperature.     

Synergistic Flame Retardant Effects of Carbon Nanotube-Based Multilayer Nanocoatings

In an effort to develop highly functionalized flame retardant materials, hybrid nanocoatings are prepared by alternately depositing a positively charged polyaniline (PANi) and negatively charged montmorillonite (MMT) using the layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are employed in polymer nanocomposites as effective reinforcement, where nanotubes are stabilized in MMT aqueous solution. The 3D structure and high density of CNTs deposited in the PANi/CNTs-MMT multilayers produce thicker and heavier coatings in comparison to the LbL assemblies without CNTs. Vertical and horizontal flame testing show that the incorporation of CNTs improves fire resistance. Additionally, cone calorimetry reveals that stacking two nanomaterials (MMT and CNTs) in a single coating shows a significant reduction in peak heat release rate (up to 51%), total smoke release (up to 47%), and total heat release (up to 37%) for the polyurethane foam. The enhancement of flame retardancy is attributed to a synergistic effect; MMT serves as a physical barrier that retards the diffusion of heat and gas. The addition of CNTs strengthens the thermal stability and high char yield. These results, coupled with the simplicity with which the LbL deposition is applied, present a viable alternative to halogen-free flame retardant nanocoatings to natural and synthetic fibers.