Quantitative measurement of cementite dissociation in drawn pearlitic steel

Fractional dissociation of cementite was quantified as a function of strain by measuring the volume change of cementite in the pearlitic steel. The amount of carbon dissolved into the ferrite was estimated from the decrease of cementite volume, to correlate with the hardness in different strain level. The hardness showed linear relationship with the carbon dissolved into the ferrite matrix, which is believed to contribute in strengthening the drawn wire. Defects introduced from the deformation were believed to lower the energy barrier of cementite break-ups and to enhance the dissolution of carbon into ferrite.     

Effect of austenite microstructure and cooling rate on transformation characteristics in a low carbon Nb-V microalloyed steel

Deformation dilatometry has been used to simulate controlled hot rolling followed by cooling of a Nb-V low carbon steel, looking for conditions corresponding to wide austenite grain size distributions prior to transformation. Recrystallization and non-recrystallization deformation schedules were applied, followed by controlled cooling at rates from 0.1 °C/s to about 200 °C/s, and the corresponding continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were constructed. The resultant microstructures ranged from polygonal ferrite (PF) and pearlite (P) at slow cooling rates to bainitic ferrite (BF) accompanied by martensite (M) for fast cooling rates. Plastic deformation of the parent austenite accelerated both ferrite and bainite transformations, displacing the CCT curve to higher temperatures and shorter times. However, it was found that the accelerating effect of strain on bainite transformation weakened as the cooling rate diminished and the polygonal ferrite formation was enhanced. Moreover, it was found that plastic deformation had different effects on the refinement of the microstructure, depending on the cooling rate. An analysis of the microstructural heterogeneities that can impair toughness behavior has been done.     

板料多道次渐进成形下沉现象的模拟分析

基于ANSYS/LS-DYNA分析平台构建多道次渐进成形的有限元模型。对圆台件的3道次成形过程进行模拟,从节点运动角度分析下沉现象产生的原因:节点产生径向运动的同时伴随有Z轴负向运动。通过不同成形参数圆台两道次成形过程的模拟,分析道次间夹角、工具头直径及Z轴进给量对下沉现象的影响。提出下沉现象解决方案:根据后续道次成形下沉量的大小调整前一道次成形深度,对多道次渐进成形路径的设计有重要意义。     

An experimental study on self-output-control characteristics of micro downwind rotor with coning soft blades

In this short paper,we have treated the aerodynamic performance of micro downwind rotor with coning soft blades experimentally.The test wind rotor has the tip diameter of 1.5 m and three two-dimensional NACA0018 blades of 0.15 m chord whose material is light,soft and pliable foam plastic for perfect safety.From the wind tunnel test,it is realized that the performance is manageable by the coning angle of the rotor blade.In the present case,an improvement of the performance in lower wind speeds is achieved by...     

Use of coordinate measuring machines and digital optical machines for the geometric characterization of circumference arcs using the minimum zone method

This paper presents an optimised method for the characterization of circular features of any amplitude, which includes the capture of geometric data, by means of the use of three-coordinate measuring machine or digital optical machines with a CCD camera, and its subsequent mathematical processing. The proposed model determines the radius and the circularity error, based on the minimum zone method, and to this end it uses linear programming techniques, the Simplex programming principles and the limaçon approximation. An experimental study on ring gauges and reference disks is provided, including a comparative analysis using the Chauvenet and Grubbs filtering procedures. Last of all, an uncertainty estimation method is proposed by means of the Monte Carlo simulation. The experimental analysis carried out on ring gauges and reference disks accredit that the algorithm developed, implemented in a Matlab® environment, gives reliable results for any circumference arc considered, regardless of its amplitude.     

碳纤维和角钢复合加固混凝土柱承载力研究

碳纤维和角钢约束混凝土可以显著提高其承载力和延性。在对已有的试验数据分析的基础上,研究碳纤维和角钢复合加固混凝土柱的约束机理和受力模型,引入有效约束区域的概念,分别提出碳纤维和角钢加固混凝土柱截面有效约束面积的计算方法。在此基础上,考虑碳纤维层数、角钢面积、纵向配筋、混凝土柱的截面形状等因素的影响,建立碳纤维和角钢复合加固方形混凝土柱的承载力计算模型。模型的计算结果与已有的试验数据吻合较好,并可为工程实践提供参考。     

±500kV贵广直流输电系统空载加压试验分析

超高压直流输电系统由于其输送容量大、距离长、损耗小,输电线路只需正负两极线路,杆塔结构简单,占地面积小等优点,目前在中国已经得到越来越广泛的应用。笔者从空载加压试验的一般规定及接线方式开始,阐述了直流输电的换流原理及开路电压计算公式的推导。针对±500 kV贵广直流输电系统双极空载加压试验,比较分析极1和极2的试验数据后,得出结论,极1与极2的直流输电线路在长时间运行后存在一定的不对称性,极1与极2的控制方式影响触发角。     

Room‐Temperature Partial Conversion of α‐FAPbI3 Perovskite Phase via PbI2 Solvation Enables High‐Performance Solar Cells

The two‐step conversion process consisting of metal halide deposition followed by conversion to hybrid perovskite has been successfully applied toward producing high‐quality solar cells of the archetypal MAPbI₃ hybrid perovskite, but the conversion of other halide perovskites, such as the lower bandgap FAPbI₃, is more challenging and tends to be hampered by the formation of hexagonal nonperovskite polymorph of FAPbI₃, requiring Cs addition and/or extensive thermal annealing. Here, an efficient room‐temperature conversion route of PbI₂ into the α‐FAPbI₃ perovskite phase without the use of cesium is demonstrated. Using in situ grazing incidence wide‐angle X‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM‐D), the conversion behaviors of the PbI₂ precursor from its different states are compared. α‐FAPbI₃ forms spontaneously and efficiently at room temperature from P₂ (ordered solvated polymorphs with DMF) without hexagonal phase formation and leads to complete conversion after thermal annealing. The average power conversion efficiency (PCE) of the fabricated solar cells is greatly improved from 16.0(±0.32)% (conversion from annealed PbI₂) to 17.23(±0.28)% (from solvated PbI₂) with a champion device PCE > 18% due to reduction of carrier recombination rate. This work provides new design rules toward the room‐temperature phase transformation and processing of hybrid perovskite films based on FA⁺ cation without the need for Cs⁺ or mixed halide formulation.     

毫米波三基线InSAR系统误差校正和信号分析

该文研究了毫米波三基线InSAR系统误差校正问题,给出了系统误差校正方案,以实现三通道信号间的幅相一致性。分析了脉冲压缩处理的效果、通道间的干扰影响、系统相位稳定性、慢时间频谱、幅相一致性程度。给出了三基线干涉测角去模糊的方法以及地面测试实验方案。地面实测数据的处理和分析结果,验证了该文方法的有效性,并检验了该毫米波三基线InSAR的系统性能。