TC2M2δ.5钛板冷热翻边成形极限及非对称化研究

TC2Mδ2.5mm钛板室温圆孔翻边成形试验结果表明,除翻边底孔尺寸小于极限值时在唇口边缘发生破裂的正常失效方式之外,冷翻边卸载后制件还出现凸缘平面翘曲、翻边孔口部椭圆化、唇口边缘高度不一致、壁厚分布不均匀等非对称化现象。600℃高温热翻边成形可以有效地提高成形极限,并消除了凸缘平面翘曲和口部椭圆化,但口部高度差以及壁厚不均等非对称化现象依然存在。本文在给出极限翻边系数的同时,对这种非轴对称化程度进行了定量描述,并给出了理论上的分析与解释。     

各向异性板弯曲的数值解

提出一种计算各向异性板挠度的数值方法。导出与铰支和自由边界条件相对应的虚结点位移递推公式。为说明该方法，对45°单向复合材料板的挠度进行了两个实例计算，并对计算结果的正确性作了实验验证。     

高地温条件下深埋隧洞围岩温度—应力分析及施工对策

以位于西昆仑山区的齐热哈塔尔水电站引水发电隧洞高地温洞段为例,初步分析了工程区隧洞高地温洞段大地热流背景及其形成机理,针对隧洞围岩的高地温分布特征,建立典型高地温洞段地质模型,利用有限元软件模拟隧洞施工贯通通水后的围岩岩体温度场,并由此来推断热应力对于围岩稳定性的影响。结果表明,围岩温度90℃以上、空气温度50℃以上的高地温洞段,内外温差大于10℃(里低外高),若采用无衬砌和一次支护方案对高地温洞段围岩进行支护,该洞段内大部分区域的最大主拉应力将超过C25混凝土的抗拉强度,易产生整体拉裂破坏;若采用钢筋混凝土衬砌结构方案,则可以通过增加衬砌结构的配筋量来降低其最大主应力值,此时隧洞围岩及衬砌结构均未出现整体拉裂破坏。研究成果能够为保证该高地温隧洞的安全运行提供可靠的设计依据。     

流动注射分析法对复合肥中五氧化二磷的分析

在复合肥的生产过程中，用流动注射分析测定磷矿，磷石膏，磷酸中的五氧化二磷，该方法制样简单，分析速度快，结果准确。     

Longitudinal and temporal water temperature patterns in the Yangtze River and its influence on spawning of the Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray 1835)

In this study, water temperature longitudinal and temporal patterns were investigated in four locations of the Yangtze River to identify their influence on spawning of the Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis Gray 1835). The results showed that, historically (1960–1980), the four locations, Pingshan (PS, 2,687 river kilometres [rkm]), Yichang (YC, 1,640 rkm), Chenglingji (CLJ, 1,265 rkm), and Hukou (HK, 805 rkm), all had similar average annual water temperatures (around 18.0 °C) but very different amplitudes: The upper two locations, PS (11.4–23.2 °C) and YC (9.1–25.9 °C), were relatively stable and had smaller amplitude than the lower two ones, CLJ (6.0–30.0 °C) and HK (5.9–30.8 °C). On the basis of the physiological effects for Chinese sturgeon, we defined three water temperature ranges: stressing (>23 °C), holding (23–20 °C), and spawning (20–16 °C). We found that the upper two locations with successful spawning of the Chinese sturgeon (PS and YC) had short or no stressing period but long holding and spawning periods. Currently (2013–2016), the impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir increases the time for water temperature decreasing to 20 °C at the current spawning ground (YC) in autumn, which increases the stressing and holding periods, and has significant negative impact on the spawning of Chinese sturgeon. Nonetheless, considering the very high stressing temperature and the short duration of the holding and spawning periods at CLJ and HK, we propose that YC is still the most suitable spawning location for the Chinese sturgeon.     

Estimating discharge in gravel‐bed river using non‐contact ground‐penetrating and surface‐velocity radars

Discharge measurement is a critical task for gravel‐bed channels. Under high‐flow conditions, the elevation of the riverbed changes significantly by intensive torrential flow. The stage–discharge relations commonly used for stream discharge estimation may no longer be adequate. The contact‐type velocity measuring is also subject to measurement errors and/or instrument failures by the high‐flow velocities, driftwood, stumps, and debris. This study developed a new real‐time method to estimate river discharge in gravel‐bed channels. A systematic measuring technology combining ground‐penetrating radar and surface‐velocity radar was employed. The rating curves representing the relations of water surface velocity to the channel cross‐sectional mean velocity and flow area were established. Stream discharge was then deduced from the resulting mean velocity and flow area. The proposed method was examined in a steep gravel‐bed reach of the Cho‐Shui River in central Taiwan. The estimated stream discharge during three flood events were compared to the prediction by using the stage–discharge relation and the index‐velocity method. The proposed method of this study is capable of computing reasonable values of discharge for an entire flood hydrograph, whereas the other two methods tend to produce large extrapolation errors. Moreover, when the computed discharge is used in 2D flood flow simulation, the proposed method demonstrates better performance than the commonly used stage–discharge and index‐velocity methods.     

锦屏一级水电站左岸1601m廊道岩体质量指标研究

岩石质量指标(RQD)是评价岩体质量的一个重要参数,被广泛应用于岩石质量评价,但通过钻孔取芯方式获取RQD存在明显不足,给岩体质量评价带来了一定的误差。以锦屏一级水电站左岸廊道岩体为实例,结合结构面三维网络模拟技术,采用测线法研究了广义RQD_t随测线布置长度与角度的变化情况。在此基础上分析了岩体的尺寸效应和各向异性。研究结果表明:RQD_t存在显著的尺寸效应,随着测线长度增大至10 m,RQD_t收敛于一个稳定的值;随着测线倾向和倾角的变化,RQD_t沿空间不同方向呈现出不同的分布。研究发现锦屏一级水电站左岸1 601 m廊道岩体具有显著的尺寸效应和各向异性,基于广义RQD_t的岩石质量指标能克服传统RQD在这方面的不足。     

某水电站厂房洞室群围岩点荷载强度试验成果分析及利用研究

通过厂房地下洞室群围岩点荷载试验,获得了洞室不同深度位置岩石点荷载强度值,试验发现各平洞点荷载强度随洞室深度变化呈现明显的波动性变化特征。研究表明,围岩岩性、断层以及岩石微观结构等是影响岩石点荷载强度的主要因素。其中,围岩中普遍发育的矿物定向排列是导致点荷载强度波动性变化的最主要因素。最后,通过与实测单轴抗压强度比较,得出当岩石单轴抗压强度大于60 MPa时,宜采用成都理工大学推荐公式换算单轴抗压强度,当单轴抗压强度小于60 MPa时,宜采用水利水电规范推荐的转换公式计算岩石单轴抗压强度。     

基于模板法制备两亲性Janus纳米粒子及其应用进展

Janus粒子是同一粒子中含有两种不同化学组成的非对称结构,其中两亲性Janus粒子是在对立面分别含有亲水基、疏水基两种不同化学基团,作为一种新型纳米材料受到广泛的关注。该文综述了模板法制备不对称结构的两亲性Janus粒子以及其应用领域,包括硬模板法、软模板法、牺牲模板法以及无模板法;综述了两亲性Janus粒子在表面活性剂、牙科粘合剂、微胶囊、功能涂层、催化剂以及生物传感器等方面的研究进展。     

Augment low-field intra-operative MRI with preoperative MRI using a hybrid non-rigid registration method

Background

Preoperatively acquired diffusion tensor image (DTI) and blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD) have been proved to be effective in providing more anatomical and functional information; however, the brain deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection severely impairs the correspondence between the image space and the patient space in image-guided neurosurgery.

Method

To address the brain deformation, we developed a hybrid non-rigid registration method to register high-field preoperative MRI with low-field intra-operative MRI in order to recover the deformation induced by brain shift and tumor resection. The registered DTI and BOLD are fused with low-field intra-operative MRI for image-guided neurosurgery.

Results

The proposed hybrid registration method was evaluated by comparing the landmarks predicted by the hybrid registration method with the landmarks identified in the low-field intra-operative MRI for 10 patients. The prediction error of the hybrid method is 1.92 ± 0.54 mm, and the compensation accuracy is 74.3 ± 5.0%. Compared to the landmarks far from the resection region, those near the resection region demonstrated a higher compensation accuracy (P-value = .003) although these landmarks had larger initial displacements.

Conclusions

The proposed hybrid registration method is able to bring preoperatively acquired BOLD and DTI into the operating room and compensate for the deformation to augment low-field intra-operative MRI with rich anatomical and functional information.