Structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of La2−xCaxNiO4+δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3)

The synthesis, structural, magnetic and dielectric properties of a new type of high permittivity materials La_2−xCa_xNiO_4+δ (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3) (abbreviated as LCNs) were reported. The samples were prepared through conventional solid state reaction route. Detailed structural information was retrieved by Rietveld refinement; normalized bond length and bond valence was calculated to investigate the compression/dilation effect of bonds and atoms in unit cell. It can be found all samples belong to K₂NiF₄ structure with space group I4/mmm. Doping of Ca in La₂NiO_4+δ shrinks the unit cell and makes the structure tend to become instable. Three types of (La, Ca)-O bonds, and two kinds of Ni-O bonds exist in LCNs. Along c axis there are alternately compressed (La,Ca)O₉ dodecahedra and lengthened NiO₆ octahedra. Room temperature magnetic measurements show that the materials are paramagnetic and Ca doping can improve the spontaneous magnetization. Furthermore, all samples have colossal values of the dielectric constant (?) at frequencies lower than 1 kHz. Interestingly, La_1.8Ca_0.2NiO_4+δ maintains its high permittivity at frequencies up to 1 MHz while La_1.7Ca_0.3NiO_4+δ has the lowest dielectric loss (tan δ). Calcium doping can effectively enhance ? and inhibit tan δ. The distortion of (La,Ca)O₉ dodecahedra can well explain their dielectric properties.     

The Titanic sunk,so what? Project manager response to unexpected events

Projects are inherently uncertain and face unexpected events, from small changes in scope to unforeseen client’s bankruptcy. This paper studies how project managers respond to such events and how successful and unsuccessful responses differ from the perspective of the practitioner. We analysed 44 unexpected events faced by 22 experienced project managers in defence and defence-related organisations. The project managers compared two unexpected events that they faced, one that they considered the response successful and the other unsuccessful. We identified three pillars supporting successful responses to unexpected events: (1) responsive and functioning structure at the organisational level, (2) good interpersonal relationship at the group level and (3) competent people at the individual level. The events and respective responses analysed suggest that improvement in project management can be achieved by better managing these three pillars, allowing project and programme managers to “create their own luck”.     

油浸式电力变压器固体绝缘老化检测技术的应用

由于固体绝缘具有不可恢复的老化特性,其性能状态对变压器的运行寿命及维护策略有着重要的影响。本文分析了影响固体绝缘老化的各种因素以及目前诊断方法的优缺点,重点阐述了极化去极化电流法和恢复电压法,二者从变压器绝缘系统的电路模型入手,以介质响应理论为基础,通过极化特性曲线和相关参数的分析得到变压器固体绝缘状态的可靠信息。现场试验数据表明了测量结果与聚合度、糠醛分析法的一致性,因此介质响应分析法可以作为一条简单有效的途径实现变压器固体绝缘性能的无损检测,建议在电力设备运行维护单位广泛开展。     

纳米改性变压器油-纸复合绝缘频率响应特性

为寻求提高变压器油纸复合绝缘特性可能途径,开展了纳米改性变压器油-纸复合绝缘频率响应特性研究。利用电介质频率响应法,对比测试了添加纳米改性前后油纸复合绝缘不同微水含量、在不同温度条件下,10^-4～10^-6Hz范围频率响应;建立基于Cole-Cole函数的弛豫模型分析实验结果,并通过最小二乘法拟合得到弛豫模型参数;分析小同微水含量及温度条件下添加纳米粒子对弛豫参数的影响。结果表明：所建立的弛豫模型能较好地反映油纸复合绝缘频率响应特性,弛豫模型参数能反映油纸复合绝缘状态的变化规律;添加纳米粒子引入了新弛豫机制,在低频及高频段,降低了油纸复合绝缘的介质损耗,在0．1～100Hz频率范围内却增大了其介质损耗,且随着温度升高及微水含量增加,影响越显著。     

京津唐电网一次调频投入现状及存在问题分析

结合2005年10月25日托克托电厂机组全停事故发生后,华北电网频率的变化和各机组一次调频的负荷响应情况,对并网机组一次调频能力进行了评价,指出了目前京津唐电网机组一次调频投入存在的问题、改进要求与建议。     

考虑需求侧响应的尖峰电价实施效益的分析

介绍了尖峰电价与传统峰谷电价区别与联系,解释需求侧响应内涵,建议用需求侧响应去平衡电力供需,缓解电力供应紧张。     

DC/DC变换器小信号建模与补偿网络设计

DC/DC变换器小信号建模是研究和分析其稳定性和瞬态响应的主要手段之一.针对单端正激变换器在一个周期内开关管导通和关断两种工作状态,建立了连续工作模式下的平均状态方程;建立小信号模型设计并仿真控制环路的幅频特性和相频特性;优化设计DC/DC变换器控制环路的补偿网络以提高系统的稳定性和瞬态响应,最后通过仿真和实验进行了验证.     

四川盆地高石梯地区震旦系灯影组气藏高产井地震模式新认识

四川盆地震旦系灯影组为一套主要受沉积和岩溶作用控制的缝洞型储层,以缝洞尺度小、地层岩性复杂、储层纵横向非均质性强等为特征,致使储层钻遇率较低、单井天然气产能差异较大。为了解决该区储层地震识别存在多解性的难题,在对位于乐山—龙女寺古隆起南翼的高石梯潜伏构造区灯四段进行地层精细划分的基础上,结合气井测井、测试资料确定储层组合类型,利用高分辨率地震资料开展了不同储层组合类型典型井的地震响应特征及高产井地震模式研究。结果表明,该区灯四段可划分为3种储层组合类型,对应于3类地震模式:(1)Ⅰ类地震模式,具有"宽波谷+双亮点"或"宽波谷+复波"地震响应特征,缝洞发育,为开发阶段首选的高产井地震模式,可实施大斜度井或水平井工艺;(2)Ⅱ类地震模式,具有"宽波谷"地震响应特征,缝洞较发育,为中产井模式,可实施大斜度井工艺;(3)Ⅲ类地震模式,具有"宽波谷+亮点"地震响应特征,缝洞欠发育,为较低产能井模式,可实施水平井工艺。该地震模式新认识的现场应用效果表明,储层钻遇率超过60%,已完成的8口井平均测试天然气产量高达75.34×104 m3/d。结论认为,基于地震相、缝洞预测及靶体设计一体化的高产井地震模式,支撑了该区天然气勘探开发井位部署和钻井轨迹调整,取得了良好的应用效果。     

提高共面转换液晶显示器件响应时间的研究

利用液晶弹性理论和动力学理论对共面转换液晶显示器件响应时间参数进行了分析, 将聚合物网络引入这种模式, 利用聚合物网络对液晶的锚定作用, 使得 Ｉ Ｐ Ｓ液晶显示器件的下降响应时间得到极大改善。实验结果表明, 聚合物的百分比含量对器件的响应时间、阈值电压、对比度有较大影响。     

利用NETD和探测器测试数据计算红外成像系统扫描效率

红外成像系统的扫描效率η与系统的噪声等效温差(NETD)有关.利用NETD的理论公式以及探测器的测试结果,例如相对光谱响应、黑体探测率等,可以导出另外一种计算η的表达式,其中的光谱积分项容易利用MATLAB提供的样条函数命令做数值积分求解.该表达式也许可以作为扫描效率η的一种间接测试方法.