符号学视野下的包装图文设计

目的本研究以符号学为视角,分析了包装图文设计的3个层面,也即是作为功能的表达层面、图文编排的审美层面以及图文的叙事互动层面,而这3个层面的划分是为了研究的方便,在设计实践中3者是一个统一的整体而不可分割和切分。方法产品包装需要向消费者传达产品的准确信息,一是让消费者了解产品的目的,这些信息主要包括:产品商标、品名、图像、生产日期、安全信息等;二是以图案的形式对企业和产品进行推广。结论包装上的图案以一种形象直观化的视觉语言来告知包装内的产品以及强化产品形象,而文字则是包装传达产品信息有效地传递给消费者两者的结合是包装设计一个永恒的研究课题,在此基础上,应用符号学解决问题的相关方式与方法提出了进行包装图文设计的具体过程,为包装图文设计提供新思路与新方法。     

包装设计中的图案和色彩探析

目的探究包装设计中图案和色彩的重要性及其应用方式。方法从包装设计的最初作用及其形式入手,结合图案与色彩元素进行深入探析,总结两者在包装设计中的视知觉度、美化功能、象征性等方面的重要作用,接着进入具体的探索领域,分别从食品包装、化妆品包装、旅游产品包装、茶叶包装等方面展开详细论述,并列举出相关的创新案例进行逐一论证,最后站在宏观角度对包装设计中的图案与色彩元素的应用进行展望,总结未来的发展趋势。结论从包装的实际需求出发,选择恰当的图案与色彩创造形式和内容,能够更加直观地突出产品的形象和功能,增强产品包装在消费者心中的形象特征,最大限度地吸引消费者的注意力,刺激购买行为的产生。     

旅游文化纪念品包装设计探析

目的探究当前旅游文化纪念品包装设计方向及实践。方法通过对现今中国旅游业、旅游文化纪念品市场的发展现状的分析,指出旅游文化纪念品包装设计中存在的品质参差不齐、形式过于单一、缺乏文化内涵和宣传价值等诸多问题,并基于这些问题开始了一系列的突破性尝试,先结合传承文化、彰显个性、提倡环保、与时俱进等方面探究旅游文化纪念品包装设计的发展方向,再由不同地域的旅游纪念品市场上的具有代表性的产品包装对相关设计思路进行论证,探索更多旅游文化纪念品价值提升的可能性。结论对旅游文化纪念品进行典型性、特异性、时代性包装设计,同时强调地域性、文化性,能够给旅游者留下深刻的印象,大大提高一个地区,甚至一个国家的旅游知名度和竞争力。     

老龄化社会环境下常态包装设计拓展性研究

目的 对常态包装设计进行拓展性研究,使得再设计后的包装既能适用于大众消费,又能服务于老龄生活,实现健康老龄化。方法 对老年大学、社区、养老院中的老龄人开展问卷调查,对老龄人生活进行观察、记录。采用用户参与性设计和情景化描述分享,根据老龄化人群的生理特征和心理特征,在常态包装基础上进行适合老龄人使用的包装开启方式优化、产品信息呈现以及视觉符号运用研究。结论 通过拓展性包装再设计,证明优化后的设计不但方便老龄人生活,而且能够增强老龄人独立生活能力。     

食品类信息型智能包装的应用研究

目的研究信息型智能包装技术成果在食品包装领域的运用。方法综述了信息型智能包装的主要技术类型、特点以及在食品包装产业链中的应用进展,分析气调包装技术和智能标签等主要技术类型在食品类包装中的应用,比对传统包装优缺点,获得整合创新的新思路。结论对于推进食品包装的信息化、智能化和人性化,促进信息型智能包装技术在我国食品生产、流通和消费全过程中的普及和有效应用,维护食品安全,减少食品浪费,提升食品安全监管水平,实现食品类包装及产品的价值增值均具有重要的现实意义。     

Examination of the Transferability of Technological key Features of Paperboard Deep Drawing Towards the Application in Fast‐Running Packaging Machines

The deep‐drawing process of paperboard has experienced essential improvement in the recent past; however, the technological advancements have not been transferred to packaging machines yet. Two of the most important issues with regard to the reliable production of high quality 3D shapes are the use of elevated moisture and defined blank holder force profiles. This paper examines a roll preparation method for applying additional water to the paperboard and analyses a spring‐loaded blank holder solution with regard to its achieved accuracy and reliability of the force characteristics. A two‐sided roll application of water on the paperboard using a sponge rubber cover on one of the rolls produces a water intake of up to 12%. The effect of moisture applied by roll preparation is higher compared to conditioning under controlled climate conditions, and the preparation time is reduced to a few seconds. The spring‐loaded blank holder introduced in the paper completely works in position control and avoids the switch over to force control as well as the problem of small position steps, which were necessary during force control. A harmonic oscillation of the blank holder while the material is drawn out of it could not be observed up to an output of 150 cycles per minute. An application of a roll‐based moisturization unit and a spring‐loaded blank holder force in modern packaging machines appears feasible and favourable according to the results of this paper and maintains the capabilities of this 3D forming technology to a large part. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Realizing Product‐Packaging Combinations in Circular Systems: Shaping the Research Agenda

Recent years have shown a shift in the focus of sustainable development from eco‐efficiency (minimizing negative impacts) towards eco‐effectiveness (optimizing positive impacts). Currently, a focus on circular models can be identified; Cradle to Cradle and circular economy are main examples of such models. However, the current number and variety of models and tools focusing on circular systems are limited with regard to packaging development. This paper explores packaging development models and tools in relation to circular systems, in order to identify the current status of the circularity focus. A range of identified models and tools is structured into two categories (generative and evaluative tools) which cover three types (protocols, diagrams and evaluations). This is in line with the distinction between early and later phases of development and the cumulative nature of environmental lock‐in. Protocol‐type models and tools come in different forms, such as principles, guidelines and checklists (e.g. Cradle to Cradle and DfE). Aside from these, eight diagram‐type models are analysed, focusing on packaging development, sustainable development and sustainable packaging development. In contrast to generative design tools, evaluation‐type models and tools (e.g. LCA) are most useful in the later stages of development processes. Resulting from the analysis of the models and tools, three types of integration – integrated product‐packaging development, the cross‐functional integration of actors and the front‐end integration of sustainability considerations – are appropriate for the development of product‐packaging combinations for circular systems. This leads to an agenda which shapes research directions towards achieving this development. © 2016 The Authors Packaging Technology and Science Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The Effect of Coating Process and Additives on EVA Coated Tyvek® for Gas Sterilizable Medical Packaging Applications

Tyvek^®, as an ethylene oxide (EtO) gas sterile medical packaging material with a high‐gas permeation and serving as an excellent microbial barrier, must be coated with heat‐sealable adhesives to thermally seal various plastic packaging trays or films. Tyvek^® sheet coated with heat‐sealable adhesives must have both porous structure and good sealing strength to various substrates. In this study, an acid pre‐coating method was distinctively introduced to minimize reactions between the blowing agent and acid during mixing, to resultantly generate ethyl vinyl acetate (EVA) layers with porous structure on Tyvek^® sheets. To determine the feasibility of applying the as‐prepared coated Tyvek^® as a sterile medical packaging material, we investigated the properties of the coating solution and coated Tyvek^® as a function of process and additive composition. Finally, EtO gas sterilization tests were performed, and property changes in the coated Tyvek^® were investigated. Properties of the coated Tyvek^® were strongly dependent on the pre‐coating process and the composition of various additives. Pre‐coating with citric acid led to less of a reaction between citric acid and ammonium carbonate as a blowing agent during mixing and resulted in both good seal strength and air permeation for the coated Tyvek^® sheets. The coated Tyvek^® sheets, composed of a water‐based EVA emulsion solution with various additives, were not affected by the EtO sterilization process and yielded good resistance to humidity, EtO gas and vacuum cycles. The coated Tyvek^® sheets prepared by applying an acid pre‐coating may be a promising candidate for gas sterilizable medical device packaging materials. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Potential of migration of active compounds from protein‐based films with essential oils to a food and a food simulant

Migration tests at different temperatures and storage periods were performed to evaluate the release of active compounds from active whey protein films (WPFs) to a food and food simulants. Whey protein film incorporated with different levels of an optimized essential oils (EOs) blend (1%, 2%, 2.7%, and 5%, w/w) were prepared by casting. This blend contained EOs from rosemary and 2 species of cinnamon. Salami was packaged with WPF and stored during 180 days at 5°C. Temperature influenced significantly the migration of compounds (P<.1). It was observed that eucalyptol was the compound that presented the highest potential of migration into 95% ethanol (v/v). After contact of film with salami, it was observed that, in general, more than 50% of active compounds released from WPF to salami. It was observed that higher amounts of active compounds were released to salami than to fatty food simulant. Results suggested that the release of compounds depends on their affinity with the food/food simulant, temperature, their concentration in packaging, and composition of food. Active packaging may ensure the quality of food due the migration of compounds from EO with antimicrobial and antioxidant activity incorporated in the film to the foodstuff.     

黑索金爆轰合成纳米金刚石-Al_2O_3复合材料

采用纳米金刚石与B_2O_3高温共熔,与Al溶胶溶液均匀混合等步骤制备前驱体粉末,与不同质量分数黑索金均匀混合制成药卷,起爆药卷,收集爆轰产物分析。利用XRD、场发射透射电镜观察,并且运用BKW计算程序运算含Al、B元素特殊炸药的爆轰参数,探讨产物生成的机制。分析爆轰产物的组成成分、形貌结构。结果表明:纳米金刚石-Al_2O_3结构的纳米颗粒具备纳米金刚石易与任何极性物质兼容、分散稳定好、不易团聚等优点。爆轰反应生成的高温、高压使Al_2O_3、B_2O_3-纳米金刚石分子间的化学键断裂,形成游离态的B_2O_3-纳米金刚石、Al_2O_3自由基,自由碰撞后迅速凝结成小液滴。高温作用下,Al_2O_3熔化成球状,吸附B_2O_3-纳米金刚石,且黑索金比重越大,得到的产物包覆结构越明显。形成的纳米颗粒比原有的纳米金刚石粉末粒径增大许多。