石墨烯去除水中重金属和抗生素的研究进展

重金属及抗生素污染具有相对稳定、难降解、毒性强、有积累效应等特点,两者协同污染的机率不断提高,并趋势成为全球问题。石墨烯因具有高比表面积和高反应活性特性,作为一种优异的吸附材料在污染治理领域具有较为广泛的应用前景。作为石墨烯的氧化物的氧化石墨烯具有丰富含氧基团、良好的化学可修饰性、比石墨烯具有更好的亲水性,也广泛用于吸附中。为解决纳米粉体易团聚和难粉体的问题,三维宏观石墨烯气凝胶应运而生,具有良好的应用前景并构建了石墨烯从微观到宏观发展的桥梁。针对近年来石墨烯、氧化石墨烯、三维石墨烯气凝胶在水中去除重金属和抗生素的研究进行综述,探讨其研究趋势和研究热点,并对未来研究方向进行展望。     

QUALITY INTERACTION IN A JET SPOUTED BED DRYER FOR BIO-PRODUCTS

An experimental study was conducted to apply the jet spouted bed (JSB) dryer with inert bodies for drying of fodder antibiotic; (zinc-salt bacitracin and tylosin) and baker's yeast which are extracted from fermentation broth. After establishing the drving properties of these products (e.g. sorption isotherm, water activity and thermostability), the influence of basic drying parameters (temperature of drying agent, bed loading, gas flow rate) on drying characteristics and quality of the products was determined. The results proved that a JSB dryer may be successfully applied to fodder antibiotics; especially to Zn-bacitracin; however, for a highly labile live organism like baker's yeast, this method cannot be used. The optimal parameters for drying of Zn-bacitracin have been presented.     

高效液相色谱法测定动物组织中四环素族抗生素残留

建立了一种使用高效液相色谱同时测定动物组织中土霉素(OTC)、四环素(TC)和金霉素(CTC)残留的方法。样品的预处理采用5%高氯酸溶液去除样品中蛋白质。采用Kromasil C18柱(250×4.6mm,5μm);0.01mol/L NaH2PO4.2H2O(pH=3)—60/40的乙腈/水(v/v)为流动相;流速1.0mL/min;检测波长为355nm;梯度洗脱。四环素族抗生素(TCs)的回收率在89.4%～101.2%之间,相对标准偏差RSD在1.41～3.50%。本方法可靠、灵敏、经济、快速。     

原料乳中抗生素定性检测-发酵酸度法研究

建立了原料乳中抗生素定性-发酵酸度的检测方法。原料乳经灭菌后,加入经活化的嗜热链球菌,43±1℃培养发酵,测定滴定酸度,根据酸度判定抗生素的使用情况。方法处理简单,易操作,试验成本低,分析周期短,因此该方法可作为原料奶抗生素的快速筛选检测方法。     

New Pacidamycin Antibiotics Through Precursor‐Directed Biosynthesis

Pacidamycins, mureidomycins and napsamycins are structurally related uridyl peptide antibiotics that inhibit translocase I, an as yet clinically unexploited target. This potentially important bioactivity coupled to the biosynthetically intriguing structure of pacidamycin make this natural product a fascinating subject for study. A precursor‐directed biosynthesis approach was employed in order to access new pacidamycin derivatives. Strikingly, the biosynthetic machinery exhibited highly relaxed substrate specificity with the majority of the tryptophan analogues that were administered; this resulted in the production of new pacidamycin derivatives. Remarkably, 2‐methyl‐, 7‐methyl‐, 7‐chloro‐ and 7‐bromotryptophans produced their corresponding pacidamycin analogues in larger amounts than the natural pacidamycin. Low levels or no incorporation was observed for tryptophans substituted at positions 4, 5 and 6. The ability to generate bromo‐ and chloropacidamycins opens up the possibility of further functionalising these compounds through chemical cross‐coupling in order to access a much larger family of derivatives.