环肽抗菌素的合成方法研究

环肽是较线状多肽更为稳定并具有多种生理功能和药用价值的环状多肽.综述了近年来一些抗菌环肽合成方法的新进展.     

Inhibition of Peroxidase‐Catalyzed Iodination by Cephalosporins: Metallo‐β‐Lactamase‐Induced Antithyroid Activity of Antibiotics

Broad‐spectrum antibiotics with heterocyclic side chains strongly inhibit peroxidase‐catalyzed iodination in the presence of metallo‐β‐lactamase. This suggests that antibiotic resistance due to hydrolysis of the β‐lactam ring in antibiotics would have negative effects on thyroid activity.

     

5种绿藻对几种常用抗生素的敏感性

考察莱茵衣藻、亚心形扁藻、四爿藻、微绿球藻和小球藻5种绿藻对几种常用抗生素的敏感性,结果表明,莱茵衣藻对卡那霉素、四环素敏感,敏感浓度(细胞致死浓度,下同)均为25μg/mL,对氯霉素敏感性次之,而对氨苄青霉素不敏感;亚心形扁藻和四爿藻对氯霉素敏感,敏感浓度均为25μg/mL,对四环素、卡那霉素和氨苄青霉素不表现敏感性;小球藻和微绿球藻对实验中的4种抗生素都不敏感。     

固相萃取-高效液相色谱法测定猪肝中的大环内酯类抗生素

建立了猪肝中大环内酯类抗生素螺旋霉素(SPI)、北里霉素(KIT)、替米卡星(TILM)和泰乐菌素(TYL)的高效液相色谱(二极管阵列检测器)检测方法。样品经甲醇提取,Bond Elut SCX固相萃取柱(500 mg,3 mL)净化,液相色谱分析采用Waters Atlantis~(TM)dC_(18)柱(4.6 mm×250 mm,5μm),流动相为0.025 mol/L磷酸缓冲液-乙腈(pH 2.5)梯度洗脱,流速为1.0 mL/min。方法的检出限为0.01～0.037μg/mL,在0.2～20μg/ mL范围内峰面积与质量浓度成良好线性关系,相关系数大于0.998。在2、0.5、0.2μg/mL 3个添加水平下,回收率范围为69.2%～93.2%,精密度<12。方法灵敏,实用性强。     

TLC-SERS法快速筛查猪尿中磺胺类抗生素

采用薄层色谱法(TLC)与表面增强拉曼光谱(SERS)联用技术,建立猪尿中磺胺类抗生素残留的快速筛查方法。用阴性猪尿样本模拟阳性样品,以氯仿-乙醇-石油醚(1:1:2)为展开剂,利用TLC将猪尿中的抗生素与猪尿基质初步分离。以785 nm激光为激发波长,金溶胶为表面增强剂,采用SERS技术对分离出的抗生素沉积斑点进行检测。结合密度泛函理论,得到定性定量分析猪尿中磺胺嘧啶分子特征峰877 cm~(-1)和994 cm~(-1)、磺胺二甲嘧啶分子特征峰661 cm~(-1)、磺胺噻唑分子特征峰862 cm~(-1)和1127 cm~(-1)。该方法检测猪尿中磺胺嘧啶、磺胺二甲嘧啶和磺胺噻唑的最低检测浓度分别为0.1、0.1、0.2 mg/L。且TLC技术可实现猪尿中混合抗生素的分离,当猪尿中3种混合抗生素点样沉积量为0.01μg时,各抗生素的特征峰均清晰可辨。由此可见,TLC-SERS技术可用于猪尿中混合抗生素残留的快速筛查。     

高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定能力验证肉粉中四环素类抗生素残留量

目的优化肉粉样品中四环素类药物的高效液相色谱-串联质谱检测方法。方法采用80%乙腈-水溶液提取肉粉样品中的四环素类药物,Prime HLB固相萃取小柱净化,洗脱液用氮气吹至近干,用10%乙腈水溶液(含0.2%甲酸)溶解,采用多反应监测正离子模式(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)进行高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪测定。结果与国标方法GB/T 21317-2007(HLB固相小柱萃取法)相比,4种药物的线性范围均在5～200μg/L时线性良好(r 0.99),回收率差异不显著(P0.05)。实验室方法测得的含量分别为:四环素113.93μg/kg,金霉素68.16μg/kg,多西环素155.73μg/kg,土霉素未检出;回收率为四环素94.5%,金霉素95.2%,多西环素104.7%,土霉素97.8%。测得四环素、金霉素、多西环素、土霉素线性相关系数r分别为:0.9995、0.9998、0.9989、0.9997。结论本实验室方法简单快速,回收率高,重现性好,适用于熟肉制品中四环素类药物的多残留检测。     

农作物中抗生素检测技术的研究进展

随着养殖业的规模化和集约化发展,抗生素作为疾病预防与治疗药物、生长促进剂、饲料添加剂等被广泛用于畜禽养殖和水产养殖业中,进而进入水环境和土壤环境,被农作物根系吸收进入茎、叶中并在植物体内富集,从而通过食物链进入人体内。近年来研究者对农作物中抗生素的研究逐渐增多。目前对农作物中兽用抗生素残留的前处理技术主要包括Qu ECh ERs方法和固相萃取法,检测技术主要包括高效液相色谱法、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法和酶联免疫法。高效液相色谱-串联质谱法具有高灵敏度、高选择性和高准确度,可同时快速测定多个目标物,更适合农作物中兽用抗生素残留的检测。本文对环境中抗生素的来源、农作物中抗生素污染的现状、抗生素残留检测的提取、净化方法以及检测方法的研究进展进行了综述。     

Improvement of Aglycone π-Stacking Yields Nanomolar to Sub-nanomolar FimH Antagonists

Antimicrobial resistance has become a serious concern for the treatment of urinary tract infections. In this context, an anti-adhesive approach targeting FimH, a bacterial lectin enabling the attachment of E. coli to host cells, has attracted considerable interest. FimH can adopt a low/medium-affinity state in the absence and a high-affinity state in the presence of shear forces. Until recently, mostly the high-affinity state has been investigated, despite the fact that a therapeutic antagonist should bind predominantly to the low-affinity state. In this communication, we demonstrate that fluorination of biphenyl α-d -mannosides leads to compounds with perfect π–π stacking interactions with the tyrosine gate of FimH, yielding low nanomolar to sub-nanomolar K_D values for the low- and high-affinity states, respectively. The face-to-face alignment of the perfluorinated biphenyl group of FimH ligands and Tyr48 was confirmed by crystal structures as well as ¹H,¹⁵N-HSQC NMR analysis. Finally, fluorination improves pharmacokinetic parameters predictive for oral availability.