西维因人工抗原的合成新方法

用对硝基苯氯甲酸酯活化萘酚并与6-氨基己酸反应,合成了完全保留氨基甲酸酯结构的半抗原6-(1-萘氧基甲酰胺基)己酸(CNH),并采用活化酯法与载体蛋白共价连接制备了突出西维因结构特征的抗原. 用正交实验选择活化酯法的最佳实验条件,并进一步详细考察了半抗原与载体蛋白结合率随外界条件的改变,从而制得不同结合比的抗原. 用紫外和红外对制得的抗原进行了鉴定.     

免疫入侵检测模型中抗体/抗原编码的一种改进

通过在免疫入侵检测方法中引入模糊集合理论,提出一种新的抗体与抗原编码模型,并给出抗体与抗原匹配度计算方法。与单纯以二进制编码方式的免疫模型相比,该编码模型具有更加灵活地表示各种复杂的数据特征的优势。     

基于人工免疫模式识别的故障诊断方法研究

提出了一种基于人工免疫模式识别的故障诊断方法,将故障视为抗原,基于生物免疫系统的克隆选择、超变异、免疫记忆以及多样性保持等机制生成能够表示和识别抗原的记忆抗体,然后采用基于KNN的阈值分类法对抗原即故障进行识别;以抽油机井为对象进行仿真研究,阈值取1,与输入故障距离最近的记忆抗体个数取3和5两个值进行试验,仿真结果表明算法的诊断准确率均为100%。通过对变异抗原的识别,表明该方法具有较好的泛化能力。     

基于生物免疫原理的抽油机井故障诊断研究

基于生物免疫原理提出了一种故障诊断方法。将故障作为抗原,首先应用反面选择算法产生初始抗体,然后基于生物免疫系统的克隆、变异、克隆选择、自我调节和免疫记忆等机理对初始抗体进行进化,产生能够表示和识别抗原即故障的记忆抗体,并以抽油机井为对象进行了仿真研究,结果表明,该方法能够取得很好的诊断效果。     

抗SARS冠状病毒表面抗原抗体的制备及其初步应用

研究探讨了制备和鉴定SARS冠状病毒表面抗原的快速免疫检测方法。采用基因工程表达SARS冠状病毒表面抗原免疫BALB／c小鼠，通过杂交瘤技术，获得了4株稳定分泌高特异性抗SARS冠状病毒表面抗原的杂交瘤细胞系，制取了含高效价单克隆抗体的腹水；采用SARS冠状病毒表面抗原免疫家兔、绵羊、山羊，制取了抗SARS冠状病毒表面抗原的多克隆抗体。研究结果表明：CS4C11单抗作为示踪抗体、绵羊抗SARS冠状病毒表面抗原抗体作为固相抗体为最佳配对；CS4C11单抗作为示踪抗体、CS4B12单抗作为固相抗体次之。获得的抗SARS冠状病毒表面抗原的抗体为SARS的早期诊断研究奠定了基础。     

Development of an immobilized-antigen immunofluorescence glass slide system that exploits fluorescent silica nanoparticles

The aim of the study was to develop an immobilized-antigen immunofluorescence glass slide system using fluorescent silica nanoparticles (FSNPs) for the detection of biomarkers to evaluate food functionality. A plain glass slide was first cleaned by treatment with piranha solution, after which C-reactive protein (CRP), a model antigen, was immobilized on the slide via procedures that exploited activation of the slide surface with 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane (APTMS) and glutaraldehyde, or 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTMS) and N-γ-maleimidobutyryloxysuccinimide ester (GMBS). Streptavidin-modified FSNPs that contained a fluorescent dye, dichlorotris(1,10-phenanthroline)ruthenium(II) hydrate, were conjugated with biotinylated monoclonal anti-rat CRP antibody to produce FSNP–antibody conjugates. The bioconjugate bound more effectively to the surface of slides that had been activated with APTMS before immobilization of the antigen than to those activated with MPTMS–GMBS. Specific binding of the coating antigen and bioconjugate to the slide surface was confirmed by fluorescence and atomic force microscopy. The fluorescence intensity due to formation of a complex between the antigen and bioconjugate increased gradually with increasing bioconjugate concentration up to 0.250 mg/mL.     

以羊肚菌菌丝为抗原的不同免疫程序对Balb/c鼠抗体水平的影响

以羊肚菌菌丝为抗原,免疫Balb/c鼠。用建立的酶联免疫吸附试验（ELISA）间接法检测不同免疫剂量、不同免疫途径、不同免疫次数等免疫程序影响因素所对应的免疫Balb/c鼠的血清抗体水平,得出产生抗体水平较高的快捷的免疫程序。结论：70μg∕只剂量的不含佐剂的羊肚菌菌丝抗原,经由腹腔间隔4d连续3次注射的免疫程序,可以在首免的25d后产生较高水平的抗体。     

基于抗原/抗体多样性机制的入侵特征表述与识别

在生物免疫系统中,通常是在自身免疫细胞数远远小于可能抗原的情况下,成功应对几乎所有抗原,这主要得益于抗体的多样性。论文分析了攻击特征组成上与抗原的相似性后,提出了"特征元素-特征因子-特征基-攻击特征"的多层次、多特征融合的特征表述方法;给出基于该方法的IDS特征提取与识别算法。该特征表述方法使检测器具有多样性,为检测器自适应进化奠定了基础。     

Engineering Next-Generation CAR-T Cells for Better Toxicity Management

Immunoadoptive therapy with genetically modified T lymphocytes expressing chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) has revolutionized the treatment of patients with hematologic cancers. Although clinical outcomes in B-cell malignancies are impressive, researchers are seeking to enhance the activity, persistence, and also safety of CAR-T cell therapy—notably with a view to mitigating potentially serious or even life-threatening adverse events like on-target/off-tumor toxicity and (in particular) cytokine release syndrome. A variety of safety strategies have been developed by replacing or adding various components (such as OFF- and ON-switch CARs) or by combining multi-antigen-targeting OR-, AND- and NOT-gate CAR-T cells. This research has laid the foundations for a whole new generation of therapeutic CAR-T cells. Here, we review the most promising CAR-T cell safety strategies and the corresponding preclinical and clinical studies.