甲胺磷人工抗原的合成与鉴定

采用重氮法直接用甲胺磷连接牛血清白蛋白合成了人工抗原。通过鉴定,该人工抗原的紫外吸收光谱呈现出与半抗原、载体蛋白的紫外吸收光谱均不同的吸收峰;红外光谱图中也同时呈现了半抗原与载体蛋白的特征吸收带;并测得人工抗原中甲胺磷与载体蛋白的结合比为15∶1,表明该人工抗原合成成功。     

三唑磷多克隆抗体的制备及鉴定

采用活泼酯法将三唑磷半抗原(TZPM-Hap)与牛血清蛋白(BSA)和卵血清蛋白(OVA)偶联,制备出免疫抗原(TZPM-A-BSA)和包被抗原(TZPM-A-OVA),经紫外扫描证明人工抗原合成成功.用免疫抗原TZPM-A-BSA免疫雌性Balb/c小鼠,获得了特异性的三唑磷多克隆抗体.以所获得的抗体建立间接竞争酶联...     

红曲中桔霉素的免疫检测(Ⅰ)抗原与抗体的制备

桔霉素抗原与抗体的制备是其免疫检测研究的第1步。桔霉素与BSA／OV的反应起始摩尔比为6：1，得到桔霉素与BSA的连接物及桔霉素与OV的连接物摩尔比分别为3．12：1和2．87：1。以桔霉素与OV的连接物为免疫抗原，免疫BALB／c小白鼠，分析了抗体的产生进程、灵敏度与效价。注射抗原后的第45天开始有明显的抗体产生，第90天达到高峰，然后开始下降，抗体的ELISA效价达到1：2000，和游离半抗原(桔霉素)的竞争ELISA表明，抗体有很好的灵敏度。     

糖基化大豆抗原蛋白的结构与功能特性研究进展

大豆球蛋白与大豆β-伴球蛋白是大豆蛋白的主要组成成分,也是主要的过敏原,二者通过影响大豆蛋白的性质改变其营养和功能特性。糖基化会使大豆抗原蛋白发生不同程度的改性,从而影响大豆蛋白产品的品质与特性。因此,研究大豆抗原蛋白在糖基化过程中的结构和功能特性的变化,对促进大豆蛋白深加工具有重要意义。本文分析了大豆主要抗原蛋白组成与结构特点,综述了大豆抗原蛋白在糖基化过程中的结构变化对其功能特性的影响,具体表现在溶解性、乳化性、乳化稳定性提高,凝胶性改善、致敏性降低。这些功能特性的改变为大豆蛋白开发和应用创造了条件。其目的是为大豆蛋白糖基化机理及工业化生产提供理论。     

Mannose Receptor-Mediated Carbon Nanotubes as an Antigen Delivery System to Enhance Immune Response Both In Vitro and In Vivo

Carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are carbon allotropes consisting of one, two, or more concentric rolled graphene layers. These can intrinsically regulate immunity by activating the innate immune system. Mannose receptors (MR), a subgroup of the C-type lectin superfamily, are abundantly expressed on macrophages and dendritic cells. These play a crucial role in identifying pathogens, presenting antigens, and maintaining internal environmental stability. Utilizing the specific recognition between mannose and antigen-presenting cells (APC) surface mannose receptors, the antigen-carrying capacity of mannose-modified CNTs can be improved. Accordingly, here, we synthesized the mannose-modified carbon nanotubes (M-MWCNT) and evaluated them as an antigen delivery system through a series of in vitro and in vivo experiments. In vitro, M-MWCNT carrying large amounts of OVA were rapidly phagocytized by macrophages and promoted macrophage proliferation to facilitate cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6) secretion. In vivo, in mice, M-MWCNT induced the maturation of dendritic cells and increased the levels of antigen-specific antibodies (IgG, IgG1, IgG2a, IgG2b), and cytokines (IFN-γ, IL-6). Taken together, M-MWCNT could induce both humoral and cellular immune responses and thereby can be utilized as an efficient antigen-targeted delivery system.     

EDC法制备黄曲霉毒素B1人工抗原的研究

本研究采用EDC法制备了黄曲霉毒素B1人工抗原，通过TLC与ELISA对制备过程监控，确定了最佳的肟化反应时间与偶联反应时间。同时，就黄曲霉毒B1与牛血清白蛋白的起始摩尔比对偶联产物中这两物质摩尔比的影响进行了研究。结果显示，在25℃肟化反应24h、偶联反应24h，当黄曲霉毒素B1与牛血清白蛋白的起始摩尔比为30：1时，得到了黄曲霉毒素B1与牛血清白蛋白的摩尔比为5：1的黄曲霉毒素B1人工抗原。     

罗丹明123人工抗原的合成及抗体的酶联免疫检测

为建立罗丹明B(rhodamine B)的免疫分析方法,采用戊二醛法,将半抗原罗丹明123与载体牛血清白蛋白(BSA)及卵清蛋白(OVA)偶联制备免疫抗原R123-B S A和包被抗原R123-OVA。经动物免疫实验证实人工抗原合成,并制备抗罗丹明123的多克隆抗体,此抗体同时能够检测食品中的罗丹明B,且最低检测限为0.001ng/mL。     

多效唑人工抗原的合成与鉴定

为合成新的、有效的多效唑人工抗原,采用琥珀酸酐法对多效唑小分子进行结构修饰,以获得含羧基的多效唑半抗原。将纯化后的半抗原分别与牛血清白蛋白和卵清蛋白经N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺活泼酯法偶联制备免疫原和包被原。采用质谱、红外光谱、核磁共振氢谱对多效唑半抗原的结构进行鉴定;采用紫外光谱及高性能基质辅助激光解吸电离-飞行时间质谱对偶联物的结构进行鉴定。结果显示成功合成出多效唑人工抗原,为其抗体的制备和免疫学方法的构建奠定了前期研究基础。     

Novel Antibody–Peptide Binding Assay Indicates Presence of Immunoglobulins against EGFR Phospho-Site S1166 in High-Grade Glioma

We investigated the feasibility of detecting the presence of specific autoantibodies against potential tumor-associated peptide antigens by enriching these antibody–peptide complexes using Melon Gel resin and mass spectrometry. Our goal was to find tumor-associated phospho-sites that trigger immunoreactions and raise autoantibodies that are detectable in plasma of glioma patients. Such immunoglobulins can potentially be used as targets in immunotherapy. To that aim, we describe a method to detect the presence of antibodies in biological samples that are specific to selected clinically relevant peptides. The method is based on the formation of antibody–peptide complexes by mixing patient plasma with a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) derived peptide library, enrichment of antibodies and antibody–peptide complexes, the separation of peptides after they are released from immunoglobulins by molecular weight filtration and finally mass spectrometric quantification of these peptides. As proof of concept, we successfully applied the method to dinitrophenyl (DNP)-labeled α-casein peptides mixed with anti-DNP. Further, we incubated human plasma with a phospho-peptide library and conducted targeted analysis on EGFR and GFAP phospho-peptides. As a result, immunoaffinity against phospho-peptide GSHQIS[+80]LDNPDYQQDFFPK (EGFR phospho-site S1166) was detected in high-grade glioma (HGG) patient plasma but not in healthy donor plasma. For the GFAP phospho-sites selected, such immunoaffinity was not observed.     

Investigating preparation and characterisation of diphtheria toxoid‐loaded on sodium alginate nanoparticles

This paper aims to investigate the preparation and characterisation of the alginate nanoparticles (NPs) as antigen delivery system loaded by diphtheria toxoid (DT). For this purpose, both the loading capacity (LC) and Loading efficiency (LE) of the alginate NPs burdened by DT are evaluated. Moreover, the effects of different concentrations of sodium alginate and calcium chloride on the NPs physicochemical characteristics are surveyed in addition to other physical conditions such as homogenization time and rate. To do so, the NPs are characterised using particle size and distribution, zeta potential, scanning electron microscopy, encapsulation efficiency, in vitro release study and FT‐IR spectroscopy. Subsequently, the effects of homogenization time and rate on the NPs are assessed. At the meantime, the NPs LC and efficiency in several DT concentrations are estimated. The average size of the NPs was 400.7 and 276.6 nm for unloaded and DT loaded, respectively. According to the obtained results, the zeta potential of the blank and DT loaded NPs are estimated as −23.7 mV and −21.2 mV, respectively. Whereas, the LC and LE were >80% and >90%, in that order. Furthermore, 95% of the releasing DT loaded NPs occurs at 140 h in the sustained mode without any bursting release. It can be concluded that the features of NPs such as morphology and particle size are strongly depended on the calcium chloride, sodium alginate concentrations and physicochemical conditions in the NPs formation process. In addition, appropriate concentrations of the sodium alginate and calcium ions would lead to obtaining the desirable NPs formation associated with the advantageous LE, LC (over 80%) and sustained in vitro release profile. Ultimately, the proposed NPs can be employed in vaccine formulation for the targeted delivery, controlled and slow antigen release associated with the improved antigen stability.