手表蓝宝石玻璃上真空蒸镀增透膜的研究

基于蓝宝石玻璃在手表上的应用,在蓝宝石玻璃上制备了真空蒸发镀增透膜,研究了MgF2、Al2O3–MgF2、Al2O3–H4–Al2O3–MgF2(H4为LaCO3、TiO2等的混合物)、Al2O3–H4–Al2O3–H4–Al2O3–MgF2等4种不同膜层结构的增透膜对表玻的可见光透过率、耐磨性能和化学耐久性的影响。结果表明,蓝宝石衬底上镀单层及多层增透膜后,可见光透过率均得到较大提升。镀单层MgF2后,蓝宝石玻璃在420~780 nm波段的平均透光率从镀膜前的87.208%提高到90.610%;镀Al2O3–H4–Al2O3–H4–Al2O3–MgF2多层膜后,玻璃在可见光波段内的透光率较均匀,其平均透光率增加至91.208%,而且玻璃的耐磨性和化学耐久性均较好。     

Fabrication of polymer antireflective coatings by self-assembly of supramolecular block copolymer

We demonstrated a method of fabricating antireflective coatings based on the self-assembly of supramolecular block copolymer formed by polystyrene terminated with carboxyl (PS-COOH) and poly(methyl methacrylate) terminated with amine (PMMA-NH₂) via hydrogen bonding. Different porous films were generated by selectively removing PS-COOH from the spin-coated films with a selective solvent, cyclohexane, under different conditions. The refractive index of such porous film can be tuned from 1.49 down to 1.26 by controlling the thickness of the porous film. For the porous layer with n ˜ 1.26, the light transmittance of the glass about 97.93% was achieved in the visible range (λ ˜ 574 nm). By varying the solution concentration and exposing time in cyclohexane, inhomogeneous three-layered porous films were generated: top and bottom layers with high porosities and the middle layers with lower porosities, respectively. The light transmittance of the glass coated with this inhomogeneous film was about 98.00% in the near-infrared region corresponding to wavelength between 800 and 1400 nm. The wavelength region of the broadband antireflective films with high transmittance more than 99.00% can be fine tuned to 1200-2000 nm with increasing the film thickness.     

Lithography-Free Fabrication of Large Area Subwavelength Antireflection Structures Using Thermally Dewetted Pt/Pd Alloy Etch Mask

We have demonstrated lithography-free, simple, and large area fabrication method for subwavelength antireflection structures (SAS) to achieve low reflectance of silicon (Si) surface. Thin film of Pt/Pd alloy on a Si substrate is melted and agglomerated into hemispheric nanodots by thermal dewetting process, and the array of the nanodots is used as etch mask for reactive ion etching (RIE) to form SAS on the Si surface. Two critical parameters, the temperature of thermal dewetting processes and the duration of RIE, have been experimentally studied to achieve very low reflectance from SAS. All the SAS have well-tapered shapes that the refractive index may be changed continuously and monotonously in the direction of incident light. In the wavelength range from 350 to 1800 nm, the measured reflectance of the fabricated SAS averages out to 5%. Especially in the wavelength range from 550 to 650 nm, which falls within visible light, the measured reflectance is under 0.01%.     

硒化锌基底3~12μm渐变折射率红外增透膜的设计

叙述了傅里叶合成方法的原理和该方法用于ZnSe基底3～12μm红外增透膜的设计.通过反傅里叶变换期望的光谱特性曲线得到渐变折射率膜层.用薄膜特征矩阵的方法计算细分成很薄的多层均匀膜层的光谱透过率曲线,构造了新的Q函数和用逐次近似的方法修正膜层的折射率轮廓图,能有效地减小与期望透射率曲线的偏差.再给膜层加上五次方多项式匹配层与空气和基底两侧界面相匹配.所得渐变折射率增透膜在设计波段平均透射率达到95%.     

水力压裂技术在低透气性煤层瓦斯抽采中的应用

为了解决某煤矿低透气性煤层难抽采的问题,分析了水力压裂增透裂缝扩展规律以及煤层水力压裂卸压增透机理,采用PFPA-2D数值模拟软件,研究了单注水孔以及双注水孔的水力压裂过程中的裂缝扩展规律及煤体位移和应力变化规律,实现大范围裂隙网的形成、贯通和发育,提高了煤体的透气性。通过现场试验,实现了低透气性煤层卸压增透的目的,验证了低透气性煤层水力压裂增透技术的安全性、有效性和适用性。     

石墨烯/纳米减反结构复合透明导电薄膜的研究

石墨烯具有较高的透过率及良好的电导率, 作为透明导电薄膜具有潜在的应用价值。首先在石英基底上引入SiO₂纳米球阵列结构作为光学减反射层, 使石英基底可见光区光学透过率从93.2%增加到99.0%。然后利用常压化学气相沉积方法, 通过基底表面铜颗粒远程催化碳源, 直接在减反层上可控制备具有石墨烯/纳米减反结构的新型复合透明导电薄膜。通过去除SiO₂纳米球阵列结构形成反相复制的石墨烯空心球阵列结构, 且生长时间10 min时, 对应半高宽约40 cm^-1, I_2D/I_G = 2.31, I_D/I_G = 0.77, 证明在SiO₂纳米球阵列减反结构上制备了低缺陷且连续的全包覆少层石墨烯薄膜。引入SiO₂纳米球阵列减反结构后, 其在可见光区光学550 nm波长处的透过率平均提高了5.5%, 方块电阻相对无减反射层基底平均降低了20.09%。本研究方法避免了复杂的转移工序, 减少了对石墨烯的损失与破坏, 同时实现了高透光性及高导电性的功能协同, 在光伏器件、平板显示等领域展示出更大的应用前景。     

干燥方式对SiO2/TiO2减反膜性能的影响

用溶胶-凝胶法在清洁的K9玻璃表面成功制备了均匀透明的纳米SiO2/TiO2复合减反射薄膜。分别采用远红外干燥、真空干燥、冷冻干燥、微波干燥等不同的干燥方式和不同干燥时间对同一薄膜进行热处理,系统地研究了不同干燥方式、温度、时间对薄膜的粗糙度、表面形貌及透射率的影响。结果表明,薄膜的最佳干燥条件为真空干燥箱160℃,干燥10h。     

梯度折射率宽带减反射光伏玻璃研究

采用二次腐蚀法制备了梯度折射率减反射光伏玻璃。SEM分析表明,多孔减反射层的微结构尺度在20～30nm左右,膜层厚度为100～300nm。通过计算模拟,确定了膜层折射率分布形式为Gaussian-like型。制备的梯度折射率减反射光伏玻璃透过率>96%的带宽超过了1200nm;在390～1022nm波段的透过率>99%;在350～1084nm的双面反射率<1%,其中624～922nm的双面反射率低于0.2%。