硒化锌基底8～12 μm高性能增透膜的研究

为了提高硒化锌基底的透过率以及膜层的机械强度,对硒化锌基底上高性能的红外宽带减反射膜的设计与制备工艺进行了研究。介绍了红外宽带减反射膜的膜料选择、膜系的设计以及采用离子束辅助沉积该膜系的过程．给出了用该方法制备的8-12μm波段宽带减反射膜的实测光谱曲线,其峰值透过率高达99％以上,在设计波段范围内平均透过率大于98％,膜层附着性能好,光机性能稳定。这对于红外光学系统的应用具有十分重要的意义。     

TiO_2/SiO_2双层减反膜在太阳电池上的应用

利用二氧化硅(SiO_2)对太阳电池表面的钝化作用,对传统的二氧化钛(TiO_2)单层减反膜进行了改良.基于理论模拟分析了光反射率随膜层(TiO_2/SiO_2)厚度变化规律,结合实验上SiO_2最佳厚度经验值,制备了晶体硅太阳电池(即TiO_2/SiO_2/Si),并和SiN_x/Si结构的晶体硅太阳电池相比较.分别测试了少子寿命、反射率、电性能参数等,结果表明这种改良后的TiO_2减反膜也可以取得很好的减反效果和钝化效果.镀有TiO_2,SiO_2双层膜与SiN_x减反膜绒面晶体硅片的积分反射率分别为4.9%和3.9%;使用以上两种不同减反膜制备的太阳电池的开路电压均可达到0.62V.可见这种TiO_2双层膜有望在将来的生产中得到具体应用.     

湿法腐蚀硅片并生长氧化锌纳米棒作为太阳能电池减反层研究

在硅基太阳能电池表面制备减反层可以有效降低硅表面的反射率, 提高吸收率, 从而提高硅基太阳能电池的光电转换效率。本研究利用四甲基氢氧化铵(Tetramethyl Ammonium Hydroxide TMAH)溶液对(100)单晶硅进行各向异性腐蚀, 在表面腐蚀出金字塔结构, 得到了最低为6%左右的反射率。然后采用水热法在该衬底生长氧化锌纳米棒, 得到了最低小于3%的反射率, 比单采用腐蚀或者ZnO纳米棒生长的硅表面的反射率更低。这种减反方法工艺简单、高效, 有望得到应用。     

分析半导体激光器端面单层减反射膜的有效性

图解辅以计算研究了镀制减反射膜的半导体激光器镀膜面的有效反射。由于减反膜自身反射率曲线的波长依赖性和谱线宽度的有限性,故一般情况下镀膜面的实际反射率比减反膜自身的最低反射率高。针对这种情况,我们进一步讨论了如何通过选择最低反射率所处的波长来提高减反射膜的有效性。     

Nanoimprinted Grating‐Embedded Perovskite Solar Cells with Improved Light Management

Organic–inorganic halide perovskite solar cells are one of the most efficient photovoltaic devices, and their power conversion efficiency (PCE) continues to grow rapidly due to the optimization of device architecture and functional materials. The involved optical design has an important impact on performance by affecting the light harvesting capability. Here, demonstrated is a simple and effective strategy to boost device performance from the perspective of light management. A diffraction grating pattern into the TiO₂ scaffold and antireflection layer is simultaneously introduced to construct a double grating design for perovskite solar cells. The grating pattern obtained using a commercial compact disk as the hard mold can modulate light transport by enhancing the light transmittance and, thus, light absorption in perovskite solar cells. The grating pattern‐induced light trapping can significantly increase the short‐circuit current density and PCE by 4.8% and 7.9%, respectively, on average. The present work develops a feasible method by tailoring the morphology‐related optical property to further improve the performance of perovskite solar cells. The double grating design can also generate structural color and can provide an alternative solution for fabricating colorful solar cells.     

Wet-Style Superhydrophobic Antifogging Coatings for Optical Sensors

Transparent substrates are widely used for optical applications from lenses for personal and sports eyewear to transparent displays and sensors. While these substrates require excellent optical properties, they often suffer from a variety of environmental challenges such as excessive fogging and surface contamination. In this work, it is demonstrated that a wet-style superhydrophobic coating, which simultaneously exhibits antifogging, antireflective, and self-cleaning properties, can be prepared by pattern transferring low-surface-energy microstructures onto a heterostructured nanoscale thin film comprising polymers and silica nanoparticles. The polymer–silica nanocomposite base layer serves as a hydrophilic reservoir, guiding the water molecules to preferentially condense into this underlying region and suppress reflection, while the low-surface-energy microstructure enables contaminants adsorbed on the surface to be easily removed by rinsing with water.     

Omnidirectional study of nanostructured glass packaging for solar modules

Antireflective light trapping glass nanostructures fabricated by a non‐lithographic process are investigated for their angle dependent properties to improve the omnidirectional performance of solar modules. Optical transmission and solar cell module I‐V measurements are used to understand the dependence of angular performance of nanostructures in the packaging glass. Nanostructures 100–400 nm in height demonstrate an increase in solar light transmission both for normal as well as oblique incidence and measurements show that a ~200‐400 nm nanostructure height is optimum for solar modules, providing an absolute increase of 1% in the power conversion efficiency at normal incidence and a gain in short circuit current density over a 120° angular cone of solar incidence. This shows that packaging glass texturing can be an important and often‐overlooked method to yield substantial gain in solar module efficiency. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

采用新型混合材料的多波长激光减反射膜的研制

针对激光致盲武器的特殊要求,借助Macleod和TFCalc软件,选择H4和YbF3作为高低折射率材料进行膜系优化设计,采用电子束真空镀膜的方法并加以离子辅助沉积技术,通过正交矩阵实验对材料的工艺参数进行调整和优化,在蓝宝石基底上,制备了符合要求的宽带增透膜。镀膜后的蓝宝石基片在532、808、905、980和1064 nm波长处的透射率大于97%,中红外波段3~5μm的平均透射率大于92%。通过内保护层技术的引入,进一步提高了膜层的激光损伤阈值。该薄膜可以同时满足多个激光波长的使用要求,拓宽了其应用范围,降低了使用成本。     

Fabrication of Periodic Nanostructure Assemblies by Interfacial Energy Driven Colloidal Lithography

A novel interfacial energy driven colloidal lithography technique to fabricate periodic patterns from solution‐phase is presented and the feasibility and versatility of the technique is demonstrated by fabricating periodically arranged ZnO nanowire ensembles on Si substrates. The pattern fabrication method exploits different interfaces formed by sol–gel derived ZnO seed solution on a hydrophobic Si surface covered by a monolayer of colloidal silica spheres. While the hydrophobic Si surface prevents wetting by the seed solution, the wedge shaped regions surrounding the contact point between the colloidal particles and the Si substrate trap the solution due to interfacial forces. This technique allows fabrication of uniform 2D micropatterns of ZnO seed particles on the Si substrate. A hydrothermal technique is then used to grow well‐defined periodic assemblies of ZnO nanowires. Tunability is demonstrated in the dimensions of the patterns by using silica spheres with different diameters. The experimental data show that the periodic ZnO nanowire assembly suppresses the total reflectivity of bare Si by more than a factor of 2 in the wavelength range 400–1300 nm. Finite‐difference time‐domain simulations of the wavelength‐dependent reflectivity show good qualitative agreement with the experiments. The demonstrated method is also applicable for other materials synthesized by solution chemistry.     

SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜的制备及性能研究

目的 在获得光伏/光热用SiO2减反膜高透过率的同时,提高其抗划伤性能和耐候性。方法 以聚丙烯酸（PAA, Mw~3000）为模板制备具有核壳结构的SiO2,离心水洗去除PAA模板,形成SiO2空心球,接着将空心球分散于无水乙醇中形成溶胶,然后将该溶胶与酸催化溶胶混合,形成复合溶胶,最后经浸渍提拉成膜、烧结后,在载玻片上制得SiO2空心球闭孔减反膜。用透射电子显微镜（TEM）和扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分别表征了空心球的微观结构和减反膜的表面形貌,利用紫外-可见分光光度计测试了减反膜的透过率,采用铅笔硬度测试和耐湿热测试（HAST）试验,分别检测了减反膜的抗划伤性能和耐候性。结果 TEM测试结果显示,制备的SiO2空心球结构完整,壁厚均匀。SEM图显示减反膜表面平坦。当SiO2空心球溶胶与酸催化溶胶的用量比例为9∶1时,减反膜透过率的峰值为98.1%,抗划伤硬度为5 H,经HAST试验后,其透过率为初始值的98.1%。结论 用离心水洗法去除PAA模板制备的空心球比烧结去除模板法的空心占比高,与酸催化溶胶混合后制得的SiO2空心球减反膜空隙率高、折射率低,从而其透过率得到提高。同时,减反膜闭孔结构使其表面致密平整,比开孔结构减反膜具有更高的抗划伤性能和耐候性,在户外太阳能光伏/光热玻璃表面减反方面具有重要的应用价值。