高应力动压巷道围岩冲击破坏机理与防治技术研究

以宝积山煤矿705工作面沿空侧回风平巷为工程背景,采用现场调研、理论分析、电镜扫描、数值模拟和现场工业性试验等相结合的研究方法,对水射流钻割冲孔防治冲击地压技术进行了研究。结果表明:水射流以基本段射流对孔壁的钻割为主,冲孔后孔壁周围塑性区内煤体裂隙十分发育;冲孔期间钻头沿钻孔轴向连续式运动,所形成的柱体状冲孔空间能够实现对煤体的卸让压增透效果,煤体内会重新形成应力峰值并呈“内低外高”的“双峰值”应力曲线;冲孔直径为420 mm、两相邻钻孔之间中心距为5 m、冲孔段长度取10 m时卸让压增透效果最佳。现场工业性试验期间,电磁辐射和瓦斯流量衰减监测数据验证了该冲孔防冲技术的有效可行性。     

低透气性煤层高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透技术研究及应用

针对深部开采煤层普遍存在的构造应力复杂、透气性系数低、抽采效果差等问题,为探究最优的瓦斯抽采技术方案,以水溪煤矿K₁松软煤层为研究对象,分别采用水力压裂、水力冲孔、普通抽采和高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透4种技术,进行现场对比应用试验。结果表明：高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透技术对煤层透气性系数的提高程度分别为水力压裂、水力冲孔和普通抽采方案的1.85、1.61、6.30倍,抽采瓦斯纯流量分别提高了1.42、1.33、2.32倍,此外,抽采汇总瓦斯浓度(CH₄体积分数)保持在42.6%以上,抽采效率为四者之中最高。现场应用结果表明,高压水力压裂—冲孔联合增透技术具有明显的技术优势。     

光学薄膜及其发展现状

介绍了传统光学薄膜的原理,并对反光膜、增透膜、纳米光学薄膜等传统光学薄膜的研究现状及应用情况,以及几种新型光学薄膜如高强度激光器、金刚石及类金刚石膜、软X射线多层膜、光电通信用光学薄膜的研究现状及应用进行了详细分析;最后对光学薄膜的发展前景进行了展望。     

外延阻挡杂质带探测器的抗反射

传统外延阻挡杂质带探测器由于其材料物性和特殊的结构设计存在很强的反射,这些能量损失非常不利于器件的探测性能.报道了一种类光栅双层超构表面微结构阵列,并将此人工微结构引入到外延阻挡杂质带红外探测器以抑制对入射光的反射.实验结果显示,具有超构表面微结构阵列的器件在波长30μm处反射率低于3％,在25.3～32.2μm波段范...     

1310nm大功率高偏振度量子阱超辐射发光二极管

设计并制备了一种斜条脊波导结构压应变高偏振度多量子阱超辐射发光二极管.设计的脊波导出光面TiO2/SiO2四层宽带增透膜的TE模式反射率约为10-6,分析了脊波导角度偏差和膜层厚度偏差对增透膜反射率的影响.实验结果表明,在250 mA直流电流驱动下,所设计的超辐射发光二极管芯片单管输出功率可达22.7 mW,出射光谱FWHM约为37.3 nm,光谱纹波系数低于0.15 dB,TE模式输出光强占主导,偏振度约为19.2 dB.     

溶胶—凝胶工艺制备梯度折射率薄膜的研究

采用溶胶－凝胶工艺制备梯度折射率薄膜，薄膜中的折射率变化是由折射率调制元素在湿凝胶中的化学反应和扩散产生。本文详述了材料的制备过程，并对材料的结构和光学性能进行了研究。     

非平衡磁控溅射DLC薄膜应力研究

类金刚石（DLC）薄膜可用作红外增透保护膜,高的薄膜残余应力造成薄膜附着力下降是目前应用中存在的主要问题之一。本文从DLC薄膜作为红外增透保护膜的需求出发,采用非平衡磁控溅射技术生长DLC薄膜。实测了薄膜的残余应力,分析研究了薄膜残余应力在不同工艺条件下的变化情况。探讨了薄膜残余应力与薄膜厚度、光学透过率、离子能量、沉积速率以及能流密度之间的关系。研究结果表明,薄膜残余应力平衡值在0．9～2．2GPa之间,相应的单面镀膜样片的透过率在4μm波长处为69％～63％,随工艺的不同而变化。工艺优化后薄膜残余应力显著下降。硅基底上薄膜与基底剥离的力的临界值大于2160GPa．nm,最大薄膜厚度≥2400nm;锗基底上最大薄膜厚度≥2000nm,可以满足整个红外波段的需求。     

沃拉斯顿棱镜可见光区减反射膜研制

为了提高镀膜材料和冰洲石基底的附着力以及提高棱镜的透过比,拓宽有效使用带宽,借助于计算机辅助设计方法,设计了高性能多层减反射膜系;选用合适的光学薄膜材料,利用电子束蒸镀,借助于离子源辅助蒸镀,制作了高性能的宽带减反射膜．测试结果表明：e光,o光的平均剩余反射率小于0．5％,有效使用带宽覆盖可见光区;为了改善薄膜和基底问的附着力,采用Al2O3做过渡层。     

Large-scale,adhesive-free and omnidirectional 3D nanocone anti-reflection films for high performance photovoltaics

An effective and low-cost front-side anti-reflection(AR) technique has long been sought to enhance the performance of highly efficient photovoltaic devices due to its capability of maximizing the light absorption in photovoltaic devices. In order to achieve high throughput fabrication of nanostructured flexible and anti-reflection films, large-scale, nano-engineered wafer molds were fabricated in this work. Additionally, to gain in-depth understanding of the optical and electrical performance enhancement with AR films on polycrystalline Si solar cells, both theoretical and experimental studies were performed. Intriguingly,the nanocone structures demonstrated an efficient light trapping effect which reduced the surface reflection of a solar cell by17.7% and therefore enhanced the overall electric output power of photovoltaic devices by 6% at normal light incidence. Notably, the output power improvement is even more significant at a larger light incident angle which is practically meaningful for daily operation of solar panels. The application of the developed AR films is not only limited to crystalline Si solar cells explored here, but also compatible with any types of photovoltaic technology for performance enhancement.     

Optimal design method for multi-layer diffractive optical elements with consideration of antireflection coatings

An optimal design method for multi-layer diffractive optical elements (MLDOEs) is put forward with consideration of antireflection coatings in actual applications of hybrid optical systems. Taking this method into account for optimal design, it can ensure 100% diffraction efficiency at the designed wavelengths and maximum polychromatic integral diffraction efficiency over the whole waveband. In addition, it can be obtained not only for mechanical durability of soft polymers improvements but increase antireflection coatings functions for hybrid optical systems. Finally, an example for optimal design algorithm process and simulation of MLDOEs used in visible waveband is presented. The results show that this optimal method perfects the MLDOEs design on the basic theory with great practicability for MLDOEs design.