国内外工厂化循环水养殖模式水质处理研究进展

循环水养殖模式是一种新型的高效养殖模式,以养殖用水净化后循环利用为核心特征。节电、节水、节地。符合当前国家提出的循环经济、节能减排、转变经济增长方式的战略需求。本文以循环水养殖模式工艺流程为主线,结合近两年养殖模式科学研究和产业发展,围绕水质处理和应用,分别对大颗粒物滤除、臭氧消毒、气浮综合处理、生物滤池、紫外线杀菌、PH调节等水质处理环节进行了总结和探讨,为今后适用于中国国情的循环水养殖模式的标准的水处理工艺建立提供相应的参考。     

不同养殖模式斑石鲷的鱼肉品质特性分析

对不同养殖模式斑石鲷的生长和鱼肉品质特性进行探究与分析。通过随机选取鲜活斑石鲷,运用质量长度指数K值、色差值、质构特性及感官评定等指标,研究不同养殖模式下斑石鲷的食用品质特性并分析鱼肉差异的成因。结果表明：网箱养殖的斑石鲷质量长度指数K值为19.29 g/cm,稍高于池塘养殖模式,表明其运动能力更高,且影响极显著;在色差值指标上,池塘养殖的鱼肉肉色鲜亮饱和;在硬度、弹性、内聚性及恢复性等参数上,网箱养殖模式下的斑石鲷鱼片均大于池塘养殖模式;而在咀嚼性这项参数上,池塘养殖的斑石鲷鱼片为2.457 mJ,表现更好。养殖模式仅对硬度和恢复性影响显著。     

湖北省水产养殖环节安全现状及所存在的问题— 基于对湖北咸宁、仙桃和潜江三地的实地调研

目的从湖北省水产养殖源头出发,了解我省当前的水产养殖环节质量安全现状,探究我省现有的水产养殖模式所存在的问题以及所带来的食品安全隐患。方法以湖北省3个主要水产养殖地市(咸宁市、仙桃市、潜江市)为对象进行实地调研,采取集中座谈、听取报告、访谈、实地察看、问卷调查等方式,对我省的水产养殖基本情况、水产养殖投入品使用情况、水产养殖病害防治和药物使用情况、水产养殖者的技术水平以及对国家相关法律法规的认知情况等开展调研。结果目前湖北省水产养殖质量安全情况总体较好,但由于水产养殖观念的改变,致使一些新型水产养殖投入品大量使用,从而带来新的食品安全隐患。结论有关部门需制定和完善相关制度、法规,加强对水产投入品的安全生产及合理使用的监督管理,另外,还需要加快科技成果转化,大力普及食品质量安全知识,从水产养殖环节降低食品安全风险。     

Yeast derived from lignocellulosic biomass as a sustainable feed resource for use in aquaculture

The global expansion in aquaculture production implies an emerging need of suitable and sustainable protein sources. Currently, the fish feed industry is dependent on high‐quality protein sources of marine and plant origin. Yeast derived from processing of low‐value and non‐food lignocellulosic biomass is a potential sustainable source of protein in fish diets. Following enzymatic hydrolysis, the hexose and pentose sugars of lignocellulosic substrates and supplementary nutrients can be converted into protein‐rich yeast biomass by fermentation. Studies have shown that yeasts such as Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida utilis and Kluyveromyces marxianus have favourable amino acid composition and excellent properties as protein sources in diets for fish, including carnivorous species such as Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. Suitable downstream processing of the biomass to disrupt cell walls is required to secure high nutrient digestibility. A number of studies have shown various immunological and health benefits from feeding fish low levels of yeast and yeast‐derived cell wall fractions. This review summarises current literature on the potential of yeast from lignocellulosic biomass as an alternative protein source for the aquaculture industry. It is concluded that further research and development within yeast production can be important to secure the future sustainability and economic viability of intensive aquaculture. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry     

水产养殖环境因子监控系统

鉴于水质对水产养殖的重要性,研制了水产养殖环境因子监控系统。该系统由上位机和下位机组成,上位机由PC实现,下位机以AT89S51单片机为核心。系统辅以专家系统,可以实现水产养殖环境因子的实时监控、数据的采集、显示、存储等功能。     

3种微生态制剂对幼刺参养殖水体水质的影响

对3种微生态制剂改善幼刺参养殖水体水质的效果进行了研究。试验设3个处理组,分别在水体中泼洒芽孢杆菌、海洋红酵母和EM菌;另设1个对照组,只投喂基础饵料。试验水体20L,试验期间不换水,每隔2d对pH、化学需氧量、氨氮及亚硝酸盐氮进行检测,氨氮超过0.15mg/L时结束试验。结果表明,在水体中泼洒3种微生态制剂均可改善水质,其中,EM菌和海洋红酵母具有降低化学需氧量的作用,EM菌和芽孢杆菌具有降解氨氮和亚硝酸盐氮的功能,EM菌改善水质的效果最好。     

水产养殖物联网监控系统的设计

针对蓝色经济区水产养殖粗放式管理现状,设计了新型水产养殖物联网监控系统。该系统的传感器节点负责水质数据采集功能,并通过Zigbee无线传感器网络将数据发送给汇聚节点,汇聚节点通过GPRS模块接入Internet网络,将数据传送至远程监控中心。同时监控中心设置的各项参数通过Internet和汇聚节点传到采用PIC单片机的控制节点,实现水质的自动控制。监测中心软件采用C＋＋ Builder开发,为用户提供形象直观的实时数据监测平台。经过在日照市某水产养殖基地的试用,系统性能满足水产养殖水质监控的应用要求。     

Market concentration in the Spanish turbot aquaculture sector: A regional analysis

This paper analyses the regional evolution of the market structure in the Spanish turbot industry, which is the leading turbot producer in Europe, using different concentration rates. The analysis is performed considering several factors that have influenced the evolution of the sector, the most important being the application of technology, business strategies and the institutional framework. The results confirm a process of concentration. Starting from an initial phase in which the sector was composed of a considerable number of small companies, this industry has evolved towards a situation in which only two large firms dominate the market.     

欧洲丁鱥健康养殖技术研究

在相同的试验条件下,以A、B二种不同的放养模式养殖欧洲丁鱥成鱼,欧洲丁鱥春片放养量分别为1500尾/亩、2000尾/亩,花白鲢春片的搭配比例二种模式完全相同,分别为花鲢80尾/亩,白鲢120尾/亩。经过二年的连续试验,从投入、产出、效益等情况进行了综合分析,2011年的A模式优于B模式。因此,在本试验条件下池塘主养欧洲丁鱥成鱼,2011年A模式为理想的放养模式。     

Climate change: A potential risk to cage culture and genetic structure of native fisheries in fish cage‐installed inland lakes

Fish cage aquaculture (FCA) in lakes is a viable climate change (CC) mitigation approach; however, deficiencies in monitoring, early warning and risk planning could threaten its sustainability. Thus, the present study focused on examining the experiences with CC and its risks to cage fish culture, and phenotypic structure of a typical endemic fishery in fish cage‐installed (FCI) and fish cage‐free (FCF) lakes. Using a structured questionnaire, fisherfolks of typical FCI and FCF lakes in southwestern Nigeria were consulted for their local experiences regarding CC variables, effects on cage aquaculture and the occurrence of caged fish in their fish catches. For phenotypic structure analysis, size cohorts of cage‐cultured (CCU) and wild‐caught (WC) Oreochromis niloticus from FCI (CC_UFCI and WCFCI), and WC from FCF (WCFCF) were obtained and analysed for phenotypic differences (p < .05) and mix‐up through cluster/linkage analysis. Respondents experienced unpredictable climatic conditions, increased rainfall fluctuations and declining rainfall (86.4; 47.1%, 50.0; 64.7%, 100.0; 88.2%, in FCI and FCF lakes, respectively), indicating that CC affects cage culture, induces cage damage and floods, and results in caged fish escapes (40.9; 35.3%, 81.8; 11.8%, 95.5; 41.2% in FCI and FCF lakes, respectively), while caged fishes occur in fisherfolks’ catches (63.6% FCI). Phenotypically, WCFCF and WCFCI were similar, but differed from CC_UFCI for pre‐dorsal length. WCFCF and WCFCI differed for caudal peduncle lengths. In addition, some individuals of CC_UFCI clustered with WCFCI and WCFCF, rather than their population cohorts. Climate change impacts on FCA lakes have implications regarding caged fish escapes. Phenotypic structures indicated a possible mix‐up of caged and wild O. niloticus populations. Thus, monitoring, control and surveillance (MCS) of cage culture in lakes is necessary, and development of genetic markers for endemic species would also facilitate MCS.