高氮奥氏体的中温转变行为

采用OM,XRD,SEM和TEM研究了由纯铁穿透渗氮所得高氮奥氏体经225℃中温转变后的显微组织,确定了转变产物的种类和形态.等温转变属于γ→α-Fe γ'-Fe4N上贝氏体转变,转变产物由α-Fe板条和γ'-Fe4N板条交替排列而成的贝氏体板条团以及离散分布在贝氏体团块间的残余奥氏体(γr)小团块组成.该贝氏体相变在晶界和晶内位错线上优先形核、长大,具有扩散型相变的特征,其领先相是γ'-Fe4N.γ'-Fe4N与奥氏体晶体结构上的相似性及界面良好的共格性,保证了γ'-Fe4N从奥氏体的顺利析出.     

共析钢的过冷奥氏体动态相变和组织超细化

通过在Gleeble-1500热模拟试验机上进行单轴热压缩实验,研究了共析钢中过冷奥氏体在A1-Ar1之间变形时的组织演变,探讨了共析钢中复相组织球化超细化的机理.结果表明:随着应变量的增加,片层珠光体在原始奥氏体晶界形成的铁素体生长前沿形核长大,并向原始奥氏体晶内推进,直至相变完成.片层珠光体生成后继续变形,发生渗碳体的溶断和球化,及铁素体的动态回复再结晶等轴化等过程.渗碳体的球化有两种机制,其一是由于Gibbs-Thomson效应,珠光体中片层状渗碳体发生溶断和球化,生成的大颗粒渗碳体主要分布在铁素体晶界;其二是纳米级渗碳体粒子伴随铁素体动态再结晶在晶内重新析出.实验证实,在合适的变形工艺条件下可以得到亚微米级铁素体与亚微米、纳米级颗粒状渗碳体的双相组织.     

贝氏体等温温度对CMnAl-TRIP钢性能的影响

含有磷、铜的CMnAl-TRIP钢板在820℃温度退火2min,然后分别在450℃和400℃贝氏体区等温不同的时间,研究了不同贝氏体等温温度对显微组织、力学性能和残余奥氏体稳定性的影响.结果表明CMnAl-TRIP钢具有优异的力学性能和延展性,450℃等温处理时钢板的各项力学性能优于400℃等温处理,而400℃等温处理试样中残余奥氏体的碳含量高,稳定性高,马氏体总体转变率低,导致低的应变硬化指数n值、均匀伸长率和总体伸长率.     

Si/C对高铬铸铁初生奥氏体稳定性及碳化物的影响

通过改变高铬铸铁(Cr15)的硅含量,研究Si/C对高铬铸铁初生奥氏体及碳化物的影响。结果表明:随着Si/C增加,初生奥氏体中固溶的Si原子含量增加,C、Cr原子含量减少,奥氏体稳定性降低;初生碳化物呈生长初期易粗大而后生长受限的趋势演变;硬度值递增是由于Si原子固溶强化、碳化物含量增加及大量奥氏体转变成马氏体综合作用的结果;C、Cr原子微区富集增加,共晶碳化物形核核心及凝固温度区间先收窄再扩大的共同作用导致共晶碳化物尺寸先减小再增大。     

不锈钢链板开裂原因分析

对302不锈钢制链条链板失效件进行了分析.结果表明:原材料固溶处理温度偏低,未溶碳化物沿晶界分布,加之链条工作环境中存在大量的腐蚀性介质,从而导致链条产生晶间腐蚀,开裂系链条受到拉伸和其本身存在的冷加工残余应力所致.     

Studies of cryotreatment on the performance of integral diaphragm pressure transducers for space application

The integral diaphragm pressure transducers machined out of precipitation hardened martensite stainless steel (APX4) are widely used for propellant pressure measurements in space applications. These transducers are expected to exhibit dimensional stability and linearity for their entire useful life. These vital factors are very critical for the reliable performance and dependability of the pressure transducers. However, these transducers invariably develop internal stresses during various stages of machining. These stresses have an adverse effect on the performance of the transducers causing deviation from linearity. In order to eliminate these possibilities, it was planned to cryotreat the machined transducers to improve both the long-term linearity and dimensional stability. To study these effects, an experimental cryotreatment unit was designed and developed based on the concept of indirect cooling using the concept of cold nitrogen gas forced closed loop convection currents. The system has the capability of cryotreating large number of samples for varied rates of cooling, soaking and warm-up. After obtaining the initial levels of residual stress and retained austenite using X-ray diffraction techniques, the pressure transducers were cryotreated at 98 K for 36 h. Immediately after cryotreatment, the transducers were tempered at 510 °C for 3 h in vacuum furnace. Results after cryo treatment clearly indicated significant reduction in residual stress levels and conversion of retained austenite to martensite. These changes have brought in improvements in long term zero drift and dimensional stability. The cryotreated pressure transducers have been incorporated for actual space applications.     

Corrosion fatigue of a manganese–nitrogen stabilized austenitic stainless steel

Austenitic chromium–manganese–nitrogen stabilized stainless steels have been developed to replace chromium–nickel–nitrogen stainless steels in certain applications. In comparison, chromium–manganese–nitrogen steels have improved mechanical properties and acceptable corrosion resistance in hot, high chloride containing media. In this paper, corrosion fatigue investigations of a solution annealed and for practice more relevant 14% cold worked high alloyed chromium–manganese–nitrogen steel have been done. Inert glycerine was used as reference media and 62% calcium chloride solution as corrosive media, both aerated at a temperature of 120 °C. The stress ratio between upper and lower stress levels was 0.05 (tension–tension loading) to avoid the destruction of the fracture surfaces. As testing frequency for the dynamic experiments, 20 Hz was chosen considering possible application areas. Maximum stress versus number of cycles curves were recorded and representative specimens were investigated in a scanning electron microscope. In addition, electrochemical tests, exposure tests and constant load tests were done. This paper shows results on the corrosion fatigue of a manganese–nitrogen stabilized austenitic steel in a hot high chloride containing salt solution and helps to get a better understanding of occurring failure mechanisms.     

汽车拨叉热处理工艺研究

采用正交试验法，确定的汽车拨叉零件热处理工艺参数组合，满足使用要求；分析了该工艺形成的拨叉表层碳浓度情况和碳浓度梯度分布，获得浅层碳氮共渗碳浓度梯度分布对性能的影响，采用在升温阶段手动通入适量氨气的工艺调整方法，可以缩短均温时间，保证表面硬度达到技术要求，探索了合适氨气流量确保表层不出现过量残余奥氏体和黑色组织的机理，选用MT25656分级淬火油，可以满足零件变形要求。     

Effect of austenite microstructure and cooling rate on transformation characteristics in a low carbon Nb-V microalloyed steel

Deformation dilatometry has been used to simulate controlled hot rolling followed by cooling of a Nb-V low carbon steel, looking for conditions corresponding to wide austenite grain size distributions prior to transformation. Recrystallization and non-recrystallization deformation schedules were applied, followed by controlled cooling at rates from 0.1 °C/s to about 200 °C/s, and the corresponding continuous cooling transformation (CCT) diagrams were constructed. The resultant microstructures ranged from polygonal ferrite (PF) and pearlite (P) at slow cooling rates to bainitic ferrite (BF) accompanied by martensite (M) for fast cooling rates. Plastic deformation of the parent austenite accelerated both ferrite and bainite transformations, displacing the CCT curve to higher temperatures and shorter times. However, it was found that the accelerating effect of strain on bainite transformation weakened as the cooling rate diminished and the polygonal ferrite formation was enhanced. Moreover, it was found that plastic deformation had different effects on the refinement of the microstructure, depending on the cooling rate. An analysis of the microstructural heterogeneities that can impair toughness behavior has been done.     

Mechanical stabilisation of retained austenite in δ-TRIP steel

Recent research suggests that extraordinary combinations of strength and ductility can be achieved in the so-called δ-TRIP steels, which contain ferrite, bainite and austenite. A part of the reason for the ductility of almost 40% elongation at a strength of some 900 MPa, is believed to be the optimal stability of the austenite to plastic deformation. We demonstrate here that mechanical stabilisation plays an important role in preserving the austenite to large plastic strains.