酸和碱预处理对麻竹酶水解糖化的影响

研究了121℃下硫酸和氢氧化钠预处理对麻竹酶水解还原糖收率的影响,测定了不同预处理液质量分数和预处理时间对还原糖收率的影响,以及预处理后的预处理液中还原糖含量。结果表明,氢氧化钠预处理能显著提高还原糖收率,在氢氧化钠质量分数为2%,预处理时间60min时还原糖收率可达0.367g/gDS。硫酸预处理对还原糖收率的提高幅度不大。但硫酸预处理后的预处理液中还原糖含量较高,在硫酸预处理液质量分数为2%,预处理时间为90min时还原糖收率可达0.152g/gDS。两种预处理方法在121℃下的还原糖收率均高于100℃下的还原糖收率。     

PVA包埋微生物和竹炭处理农村生活污水研究

采用正交设计法,以PVA浓度、包菌量、交联时间、竹炭含量为因素,每个因素采取三个水平,进行九组试验。将微生物和竹炭固定在PVA里,制得竹炭固定化微生物小球填料,用来处理农村生活污水。对处理前后的污水做水质监测,得到最佳试验参数。     

竹炭聚氨酯软质泡沫塑料性能的研究

在聚氨酯泡沬中添加竹炭微粒,运用一步发泡法制备了不同竹炭含量的软质泡沫塑料,测试了该泡沫塑料的密度、力学性能、色差、负离子释放能力及远红外发射率。结果表明,该泡沫塑料的密度、负离子释放能力、回弹率、远红外发射率均随着复合竹炭粉含量的增加而增加;而拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度却随着复合竹炭粉含量的增加而减少;复合竹炭粉含量为8%(质量分数,下同)时的聚氨酯泡沫塑料的拉伸强度、断裂伸长率、撕裂强度分别为纯聚氨酯泡沫塑料的63.87%、57.04%、55.32%;当复合竹炭粉含量≤2%时,制备的竹炭聚氨酯泡沫塑料达到GB/T 10802—2006标准要求。     

丝棉交织缎条绡的织造工艺探讨

介绍了丝棉交织缎条绡的织造规格和工艺流程,并探讨了丝棉交织缎条绡的工艺特点以及织造的关键技术。织造过程中要确定合理的上机工艺参数,采用低后梁、迟开口,上机张力控制在（21＋3）cN,车间温度保持25-28℃,相对湿度在75％-80％,可减少断头率和织疵,提高产品质量,使织出的布面匀整,纹路清晰。     

一种新型抗菌白炭黑的研究

以竹醋液和硫酸的混酸为酸化剂、采用沉淀法合成抗菌白炭黑,考察了反应温度、混酸配比、聚乙二醇添加量、水玻璃浓度和打底水量对白炭黑吸油值的影响。正交实验结果分析表明,温度、打底水量、聚乙二醇添加量对吸油值影响极为显著,混酸配比影响较为显著,水玻璃浓度不显著。实验验证产品比表面积和吸油值高,具有良好的抗菌效果。     

脱胶工艺对竹纤维抑菌性能的影响

采用简单工艺法和预氧处理一氧法,对竹进行脱胶制得竹纤维,再选取了吸收法对制取的纤维进行抑菌性能测试,通过计算抑菌率来评价其抑菌效果.试验表明:在其他条件相同的情况下,采用的脱胶工艺越复杂,使用的化学试剂越多,竹纤维的抑菌性能就越小.     

竹材用于生产溶解浆的试验研究

将竹材与木材原料相对比,分析了竹原料的特性,直观地说明了竹材用于溶解浆生产的可行性.结合工厂的现有工艺流程,以造纸竹浆为原料,优化了其蒸煮、漂白等工艺条件,制取了溶解浆.结果表明:所得浆粕甲种纤维素含量高、白度高、反应性能较好,适用于黏胶纤维用浆粕的生产.     

Physicochemical characterization of lignin fractions sequentially isolated from bamboo (Dendrocalamus brandisii) with hot water and alkaline ethanol solution

Nine lignin fractions from bamboo (Dendrocalamus brandisii) were sequentially isolated with hot water at 80, 100, and 120°C for 3 h and 60% aqueous ethanol containing 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0% NaOH at 80°C for 3 h. Molecular weight and purity analysis revealed that the lignin fractions isolated by hot water (L₁, L₂, and L₃) had lower weight-average molecular weights (between 1350 and 1490 g mol⁻¹) and contained much higher amounts of associated hemicelluloses (between 9.26 and 22.29%), while the lignin fractions isolated by alkaline aqueous ethanol (L₄, L₅, L₆, L₇, L₈, and L₉) had higher weight-average molecular weights (between 2830 and 3170 g mol⁻¹) and contained lower amounts of associated hemicelluloses (between 0.63 and 1.66%). Spectroscopy (UV, FTIR, ¹³C-NMR, and HSQC) analysis showed that the bamboo (Dendrocalamus brandisii) lignin was typical grass lignin, consisting of p-hydroxyphenyl (H), guaiacyl (G), and syringyl (S) units. The major interunit linkages presented in the alkaline aqueous ethanol extractable bamboo lignin were β-O-4′ aryl ether linkages (about 74.3%), followed by β-β′ resinol-type linkages and β-1′ spirodienone-type linkages (both for 7.8%), together with small amounts of β-5′ phenylcoumaran (6.8%) and p-hydroxycinnamyl alcohols end groups (3.1%). In addition, a small percentage (1.0%) of the lignin side-chain was found to be acetylated at the γ-carbon, predominantly over syringyl units. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci, 2012     

竹材液化墙体泡沫材料的阻燃改性

为提高竹材液化产物所制备的高轻发泡墙体材料的防火性能,分别采用材料内部添加和表面浸泡的方法进行阻燃改性,并评价不同阻燃剂及其添加量对发泡材料阻燃性能的影响。实验结果表明：在材料内部或表面添加选择的阻燃剂不会对材料自身形貌或组分产生明显影响,对材料的力学性能亦不会造成破坏,在材料内部添加3 g膨胀型凝胶-二氧化硅/聚磷酸铵核壳阻燃剂（MCAPP）后压缩强度达到了0.37 MPa,在材料表面浸泡聚硅氧烷后压缩强度达到了0.58 MPa,同时能提高材料的阻燃性能,在材料内部添加聚磷酸铵（M-APP）后极限氧指数提高到33.2%,比改性前提高3%。在材料表面浸泡膨胀型壳聚糖-蒙脱土-聚磷酸铵（CMAp）后点燃时间明显延长,极限氧指数最高达到了31.5%。     

Bamboo biochar-catalytic degradation of lignin under microwave heating

Abstract

Lignin biochar-catalytic depolymerization using biochar Fe-600, Fe-800, Ni-600, Ni-800 catalysts under microwave-heating (180?°C for 30?min) was explored in an ethanol/formic acid (1:1) media. Non-catalyst depolymerization was also studied and compared with the biochar-catalysts results. Characteristics of the bio-char catalysts were analyze by BET, XRD, and FT-IR. GPC, FT-IR, and MALDI-TOF MS spectrometry were also used to characterize the depolymerization products. The experimental results showed that the S_BET, V_t, and V_mec and average pore diameter of the biochars are considerably dependent on the preparation temperature and type of cation (Ni²⁺ or Fe³⁺). The maximum yield of bio-oil product was obtained as 85?wt% with the addition of biochar Ni-600 and the total amount of oligomers or monomers with a molecular weight of 164 to 446 reaches 80.4%.