Microcellular foaming of poly(lactic acid) branched with food-grade chain extenders

This study evaluated the effectiveness and efficiency of two food-grade multifunctional epoxies chain extenders (CE) in branching PLA and improving its foamability. Both CE grades were effective in branching PLA causing increased end mixing torque, shear, elongational viscosities, molecular weight but decreased crystallinity of poly(lactic acid) (PLA) with CE content, due to chain entanglements. CE with low epoxy equivalent weight (EEW) was more efficient than the counterpart with high EEW due to its high reactivity. Neat PLA foams showed poor cell morphology with areas without nucleated cells and had a low expansion, owing to its low elongational viscosity. By contrast, there was a considerable change in the morphology of the PLA foam structure caused by its branching. Chain-extended PLA foams had uniform cell morphology with a high void fraction (up to ~85%) and expansion ratio (an eightfold expansion over unfoamed PLA) due to their high elongational viscosities, suggesting that melt properties of branched PLA were appropriate for optimum cell growth and stabilization during foaming. Overall, CE with low EEW was the most effective grade and 0.25% the optimum content that provided appropriate melt viscosity to produce PLA foams with a homogeneous structure, fine cells, high void fraction, high volume expansion ratio, and cell-population density.     

Infiltration kinetics of pressureless infiltration in SiCp／Al composites

The pressureless infiltration kinetics was investigated by plotting the infiltration distance as function of the infiltration time. The effects of key process parameters such as time, temperature, Mg content on the pressureless infiltration of silicon carbide particle compacts were studied and quantified. The preform with high volume fraction SiC was obtained by mixing SiC particles with bimodal size distribution, whose diameters are 5 and 50 btm, respectively. The results show that an incubation period exists before infiltration, the influence of temperature on the incubation time exceeds that of Mg content, infiltration rate increases with the increasing temperature and Mg content, infiltration rate decreases as Mg consumes. A model of macroscopical infiltration and microscopical infiltration of liquid alloy in porous SiC preform was proposed.     

电子封装SiCp/Al复合材料的制备与性能

研究了无压渗透法制备电子封装SiCp/Al复合材料过程中,烧结工艺对SiC预制件开孔率、抗压强度的影响,以及渗透工艺对Al液渗透形成复合材料的影响,并对所制备的复合材料热物理性能和表面涂覆进行了评价。结果表明,经1100℃分段烧结的SiC预制件开孔率、抗压强度较好;Al液浇铸温度、保温温度分别在750～850℃、800～900℃的范围时,SiC预制件的渗透效果较好;所制备的55%SiCp/Al复合材料相对密度为98.3%,热膨胀系数在（7.23～9.97）×10-6K^-1之间变化,热导率为146.5～172.3W/（m.K）,复合材料表面涂覆性能可行性好。     

SMT封装电路板三维在线检测技术

为了检测回流焊接之后SMT( Surface Mount Technology)封装电路板是否存在缺陷,设计并搭建了基于线结构光传感器的SMT封装电路板三维在线检测系统,通过线结构光扫描测量,获取SMT封装电路板表面三维数据。采用双传感器测量技术,有效减少数据丢失;研究了双传感器统一标定技术,可同时实现两个传感器的参数标定和坐标系统一。提出了自适应光条中心提取算法,对反射或散射影响而形成的光条图像噪声具有很好的抑制效果,能够提取准确的光条中心。实验表明系统测量精度可达到0.02 mm。系统测量得到的三维数据,可以为在线检测SMT封装电路板缺陷提供可靠的三维信息。     

A User‐Centric Evaluation Procedure for the Design of Child‐Resistant Medicine Bottles

Recently, people have begun to realize the importance of child‐resistant (CR) medicine packaging. However, most manufacturers and designers have not been able to effectively provide prevention strategies or design criteria to protect consumers. This research proposes a systematic approach to analyze CR packaging design problems and experiments to evaluate the identified design parameters and to generate the most suitable CR medicine packaging design. The design of a CR packaging bottle is used as an example to help explain the development procedure. During the development procedure, user trials, questionnaires, and children's anthropometric data on bottle opening and hand operations are analyzed. Five design parameters, specifically the cap diameter, cap height, bottle height, bottle diameter, and torsion, are identified and used to perform a Taguchi orthogonal array experimental analysis. A computer‐aided design system is also built to help generate the most suitable design alternatives. The results should assist designers in determining the most important CR design parameters and their most suitable combinations for bottle and related CR medicine packaging design.     

基于学习对象的网络学习内容组织方法

本文在研究学习对象和学习对象元数据及参考IMS学习资源元数据标准和内容包装规范的基础上,提出了一种基于学习对象的网络学习内容组织方案,该方案利用元数据模型描述学习对象的"模式"信息,以支持对网络学习内容的访问和搜索;提出了一个学习对象包装模型对网络学习内容进行组织和包装,以支持对网络学习内容的重用和交换。     

LED芯片封装缺陷检测方法研究

引脚式LED芯片封装工艺中封装缺陷不可避免.基于p-n结的光生伏特效应和电子隧穿效应,分析了一种封装缺陷对LED支架回路光电流的影响.利用电磁感应定律对LED支架回路光电流进行非接触检测,得到LED芯片功能状态及芯片电极与引线支架问的电气连接情况,并对检测精度的影响因素进行分析.实验表明,该方法具有高检测信噪比,能够实现对封装过程LED芯片功能状态及封装缺陷的检测.计算结果与实验结果较好吻合.     

MEMS机油压力传感器设计

由于汽车应用环境相当恶劣,对机油压力传感器的可靠性要求很高。采用波纹膜片隔离技术设计了一种新型的MEMS机油压力传感器。分析了波纹膜片、充油腔体结构及硅油对压力传感器性能的影响。理论和实验结果指出,合理的设计波纹结构、充油腔体结构、减小腔体体积及净化好硅油是获得高性能机油压力传感器的关键.研制的传感器在温度为-40—125℃,量程为0．6MPa的工作条件下,测量精度优于1．5％。     

基于RDF4S的一种轻量语义Web服务组合

首先简要介绍语义Web服务资源描述框架(RDF4S),在此基础上提出语义Web服务包装机制,语义Web服务经包装后,分别通过组合接口和调用接口为组合语义Web服务的设计与调用提供支持.然后分别详细介绍组合语义Web服务的设计存储和调用执行:通过图形化的设计工具按照语义Web服务的3种基本逻辑关系设计组合结构图,然后将该图映射到组合结构信息表存储,组合语义Web服务执行时根据结构信息表生成语义Web服务代理对象和相应的语义消息,再根据语义消息传递机制调用Web服务实体.最后用一个实例展示组合语义Web服务执行时的消息传递,试验表明该方法有效.     

论现代包装设计对民间美术的借鉴

民间美术是中国传统文化的重要组成部分,具有自己独特的、自成体系的造型法则和赋色技巧,对现代艺术设计具有现实的指导意义。对民间美术中传统哲学审美思想、造型观念和色彩的借鉴,是现代包装设计凸显民族文化精神、深化设计语言的重要途径和手段。