基于声发射参数分析的滑动轴承故障诊断方法研究

本文基于声发射产生机理,对基于声发射参数分析法进行滑动轴承故障诊断方法进行理论和实验研究。首先,通过汽轮机发电机组模拟转子实验台模拟了滑动轴承三种润滑状态,通过实验台以及设计的实验方案,利用声发射采集设备对不同润滑状态的声发射信号进行采集。其次,针对采集到的不同润滑状态声发射信号,对其能量均值以及功率谱熵均值进行计算,提出了基于声发射能量均值和功率谱熵均值的散度指标的滑动轴承润滑状态诊断方法,并利用这种方法对模拟信号进行诊断,同时将其与单一能量参数分析法进行对比,发现能量参数分析法不能很好的反映出滑动轴承的三种润滑状态,而文中所提的采用多参数结合的指标诊断方法具有更好的信号适应性以及更高的区分度。     

径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承的端部效应分析

针对径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承轴向尺寸有限引起的端部效应会影响其轴向悬浮特性,提出一种基于H公式的二维有限元建模方法,对径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承的端部效应进行分析。首先,通过实验测试验证提出的有限元建模方法;然后,分别建立具有不同尺寸定、转子的径向高温超导磁悬浮轴承有限元模型;最后,得到不同尺寸的超导定子与不同极数的永磁转子下轴向悬浮力与位移的关系。结果表明,由于端部效应,随着超导定子分块数量的增加,轴向悬浮特性不断恶化;随着永磁转子极数的增加,轴向悬浮力最大值先提高后降低,最终趋于永磁转子无限长时的轴向悬浮力最大值。     

基于 RA-LSTM 的轴承故障诊断方法

为解决轴承故障诊断时网络模型不能对一维振动信号中的特征按照重要程度分配不同的权重,导致无法提取具有代表 性意义的特征,进而影响诊断模型的精确度与鲁棒性的问题。 提出基于反向注意力机制( reverse attention mechanism,RA)的特 征突出处理方法,通过将特征进行注意力反向与剪枝,降低非重要特征占比,从而对重要特征进行凸显。 并通过长短期记忆网 络(LSTM)进一步学习特征之间的时间信息后通过全连接层进行故障类型分类。 通过实验选取了最优数据截取长度、剪枝超参 数并对信号添加噪声后模型的稳定性进行了验证。 实验结果表明所提出的 RA-LSTM 轴承故障诊断方法具有优异的故障诊断 性能,故障诊断精度能达到 100%,且在添加噪声后模型的诊断能力仍具有优异的鲁棒性。     

多源域子域自适应的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法

针对单一源域信息有限、域自适应对齐粒度不足导致滚动轴承剩余寿命( remain useful life, RUL)预测精度低的问题, 提出了一种多源域子域自适应(multi-source subdomain adaption network, MS_SAN)的滚动轴承剩余寿命预测方法。 首先,将采 集的原始振动信号进行快速傅里叶变换得到频域信号作为模型的输入。 其次,利用一维卷积将多个源域与目标域数据映射到 一个公共的特征空间,采用局部最大均值差异将每个源域与目标域的退化阶段在独立的特征空间进行领域自适应,缩小多个源 域与目标域之间的分布差异。 最后,通过综合各领域 RUL 预测模块的输出得到最终轴承剩余寿命预测结果。 在 PHM2012 数 据集上的测试结果表明该方法的预测准确率高于对比方法,能够对滚动轴承剩余寿命进行有效的预测。     

Additional bending moment analysis of the trigeminal universal joint installed by single or twin radial bearing北大核心CSCD

To find out the causes of vibration and noise of the trigeminal universal joint which appeared in the installation and use process, the additional moment distribution with the varies of the input shaft angular and the deflection angle was analyzed. Kinematics diagrams of the trigeminal universal joint when the output shaft installed by single radial bearing or twin radial bearing were established. The system coordinates were established under the two installation ways, and the motion equations were established by the direction cosine matrix tools. It indicated that the trigeminal universal joint installed by the single radial bearing was an approximately isometric speed transmission, and was a constant velocity transmission with twin radial bearing installed. Furthermore, the additional moment component on the input shaft and the output shaft was analyzed under the two installation ways. According to the virtual displacement principle, the additional moment on the tripod universal joint when the output shaft installed by twin radial bearing and single radial bearing were determined. When installed by single radial bearing, the deflection moment exists and the vibration frequency of additional moment was three times of the input shaft as a sine curve. The variation trend of the additional moment was straight up with the increase of deflection angle. When installed by twin radial bearing, the deflection moment was zero and the additional moment increased gradually with the increase of deflection angle but did not fluctuate. The analysis revealed that additional moment existed in the trigeminal universal joint system under both installation ways would produce bending vibration. This study is of great significance to study the causes of vibration and determine the nonlinear dynamics of the system.     

前驱体对含Cu低碳钢I&Q&P处理后组织性能的影响

采用IQP工艺和EPMA、SEM和XRD等手段,研究了3种前驱体对含Cu低碳钢残余奥氏体含量及力学性能的影响。结果表明,双相区保温初期试验钢奥氏体长大由C配分控制,后期由合金元素Mn、Cu配分控制;双相区保温奥氏体化后,双相区配分后形成弥散分布的局部高浓度Mn、Cu区域仍保留富集效果,在随后的淬火-碳配分阶段易于形成残余奥氏体。经IQP处理后,前驱体为P+F的钢室温组织中马氏体板条较粗,原始奥氏体晶界并不明显;前驱体为F+M钢得到的马氏体板条有序细密;前驱体为M的钢室温组织中马氏体板条更加细密。其中,前驱体组织为M的钢中残余奥氏体量最高,延伸率为24.1%,强塑积可达25 338 MPa·%,综合性能最好。     

用换土垫层法处理软弱地基

阐述有关人工换土垫层法处理软弱地基的基本性能、计算原理、设计方法以及施工实践等问题．     

汽轮机组振动信号的测量与分析

针对目前汽轮机组振动的特点,将振动信号分为两类,即轴振（相对振动）和瓦振（绝对振动）。首先分析了汽轮机组的振动概况及其对机组的影响;然后分别介绍了机组振动的测量和分析方法。具体地从传感器谈起,解释了机组的轴振和瓦振的不同测量原理。针对振动的三要素即振幅、频率及相位分别做了介绍;最后以300MW机组为例,说明其振动测点的一般布置。     

Energy optimal spacecraft attitude control subject to convergence rate constraints

Attitude control of operational satellites is still predominantly performed by standard controllers such as Proportional plus Derivative (PD) control laws, which are still preferred for implementation to the computationally intensive nonlinear optimal control techniques, representing higher implementation complexity. In this paper, an inverse optimal control approach based on phase space geometry is presented, which is easy to implement and free from numerical and computational issues. The optimal control objective is to minimize a norm of the control torque subject to a rapidity constraint on the convergence rate of a Lyapunov function, under the effect of a benchmark controller. The proposed optimization method is shown to significantly enhance the torque-rapidity trade-off compared to the benchmark controller, chosen to be a PD law then a sliding mode controller. The inverse optimal control scheme is implemented on an air bearing table experimental platform.     

换流站阀水冷系统主泵轴承故障诊断方法研究

对换流站阀水冷系统主泵轴承的故障诊断方法进行了比较研究.采用支持向量机作为分类工具,分别利用时域特征值和小波包分解取样本熵作为样本训练,比较分类准确率,并择优用于换流站阀水冷系统主泵的轴承故障诊断.首先,利用轴承故障试验台的数据,对采用时域特征值和小波包分解取样本熵作为样本训练的分类准确率进行了比较,结果表明小波包分解取样本熵值比时域特征参数更适合用于特征故障分类.然后将小波包分解取样本熵值用于换流站阀水冷系统主泵的轴承故障诊断,结果显示分类准确率达98％,完全满足工程运用需求.