聚丙烯纤维与木质纤维复合材的发展现状

在资源短缺的今天,复合材的研发越来越受到人们的重视。近年来,利用聚丙烯等热塑性聚合物与木质纤维复合材料的研究己成为木材工业材料研究中的新领域。这种复合材料在尺寸稳定性、成型性、抗张力和抗冲击方面均具优势。但是由于聚烯烃热塑性聚合物分子为非极性分子构成,分子量又非常大,而木质纤维主要由极性分子构成,因而在一般情况下由这两种材料制成的复合材料其物理力学指标难以得到显著提高,必须进行适当处理。     

工程木在地铁安定路车站施工中的应用

工程木是指经过工程设计而生产出来的木质工程材料,是一种新型建筑材料。因其比普通方木具有更高的强度、硬度和刚度,广泛用于大跨度工程混凝土模板龙骨。以北京地铁十号线安定路站为例,就工程木在地铁施工中的应用进行了论述,并对其优缺点进行了分析。     

木材干燥过程温湿度的T-S型模糊神经网络控制器设计

木材干燥过程是一个强耦合、大滞后的非线性动力系统,很难准确建立被控对象的数学模型。为了准确控制木材干燥过程的温度和湿度,提高木材干燥质量,将智能控制引入木材干燥控制系统是必然的发展趋势。结合模糊控制和神经网络优点,设计了一种木材干燥窑内温湿度的Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)型模糊神经网络控制器。该控制器无需对象的精确数学模型,适应性强,利用模糊算法解除木材干燥窑内温度和湿度间的强耦合关系,采用神经网络的自学习和自适应能力来实现整个非线性过程的模糊逻辑推理。仿真和实验结果表明,T-S型模糊神经网络控制器有效解决了木材干燥过程的温湿度控制,控制器响应速度快、超调小、鲁棒性强、控制精确度高,可以满足木材干燥控制系统要求。     

木粉聚醚分子量测定及结构分析

通过凝胶色谱 (GPC)分析 ,得到了木粉聚醚分子量 ,其数均分子量为 2 85 3,重均分子量为 2 6 5 6 ,大于常规聚醚的分子量 ,分散指数为 1.0 8,属于窄分布 .同时 ,借助木粉聚醚的红外光谱谱图 ,对其结构进行分析知 ,木粉聚醚具有和常规聚醚相似的分子结构 ,是一种含有多羟基、糖链和醚链的高聚物     

Effects of short-term repeated exposure to different flooring surfaces on the behavior and physiology of dairy cattle

Dairy cattle managed in some pasture-based systems such as in New Zealand are predominantly kept outdoors all year around, but are often taken off pasture for periods of time in wet weather to avoid soil damage. It is common to keep cattle on concrete surfaces during such “stand-off” practices and we investigated whether the addition of rubber matting onto concrete areas improves the welfare of dairy cattle. Sixteen groups of 5 cows (4 groups/treatment, 5 cows/group) were allocated to 1 of 4 treatments (concrete, 12-mm-thick rubber mat, 24-mm-thick rubber mat, or deep-bedded wood chips) and kept on these surfaces for 18 h/24 h for 4 consecutive days (6 h on pasture/24 h). Each 4-d stand-off period was repeated 4 times (with 7 d of recovery between periods) to study the accumulated effects of repeated stand-off. Lying behavior was recorded continuously during the experiment. Gait score, stride length, hygiene score, live weight, and blood samples for cortisol analysis were recorded immediately before and after each stand-off period. Cows on wood chips spent the most time lying, and cows on concrete spent the least time lying compared with those on other surfaces [wood chips: 10.8 h, 24-mm rubber mat: 7.3 h, 12-mm rubber mat: 6.0 h, and concrete: 2.8 h/18 h, standard error of the difference (SED): 0.71 h]. Cows on concrete spent more time lying during the 6 h on pasture, likely compensating for the reduced lying during the stand-off period. Similarly, cows on concrete spent more time lying on pasture between stand-off periods (concrete: 12.1 h, 12-mm rubber mat: 11.1 h, 24-mm rubber mat: 11.2 h, and wood chips: 10.7 h/24 h, SED: 0.28 h). Cows on concrete had higher gait score and shorter stride length after the 4-d stand-off period compared with cows on the other surface types, suggesting a change in gait pattern caused by discomfort. Cows on rubber mats were almost 3 times dirtier than cows on concrete or wood chips. Cortisol and live weight decreased for all treatment groups during the stand-off period. We observed no major effect of the repeated stand-off exposure. In summary, adding rubber matting onto concrete surfaces for stand-off purposes is beneficial for animal welfare. A well-managed wood chip surface offered the best welfare for dairy cows removed from pasture, and the findings of this study confirm that a concrete surface decreases the welfare of cows removed from pasture.     

Moisture content in timber decking exposed to bushfire weather conditions

Ignition of the external combustible elements of a building is one of the key factors leading to house loss in bushfires. Timber elements contain moisture that migrates into and out from the timber surface, depending on the surrounding ambient conditions. In extreme hot and dry conditions, such as those associated with severe bushfire weather, the moisture contents (MCs) in building timbers can drop well below the normal levels. In this paper, we not only qualify a methodology to assess the likely MCs of timbers under typical bushfire conditions, but also quantify the low levels of moisture that can be expected for the climatic conditions experienced in Melbourne—one of Australia's bushfire‐prone regions. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

STRUCTURALLY COLORED WOOD COMPOSITE WITH REFLECTIVE HEAT INSULATION AND HYDROPHOBICITY

Structural colors are environmentally beneficial as they originate from the physical structure of the material, and they cannot be imitated by chemical dyes and are free from photo-bleaching. In this study, structurally colored wood was prepared by building a structurally colored film based on a wood substrate. The prepared samples were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform-infrared (FT-IR). The angel-dependent optical effects were confirmed by comparing the CIE chromatic coordinates over a range of viewing angles. Through octadecyltrichlorosilane (OTS) treatment, the sample surface was made hydrophobic and had a water contact angle of 139°, which broadens the range of applications for the material. Thermal gravimetric analysis results showed that the thermal stability of the modified structurally colored wood (MCW) was much better than that of pristine wood. The reflectance spectra and the model room test results demonstrated that the MCW possesses the reflective heat insulation ability. The unique and promising properties of the MCW could potentially be applied in buildings, furniture, and for energy conservation.     

实木顺纹压缩弯曲技术研究现状及发展趋势

实木顺纹压缩弯曲技术蕴含着多学科知识的交叉融合,具有一定的理论深度和突出的实际应用性,是当今备受关注的研究热点之一文章论述了国内实木顺纹压缩弯曲技术的研究现状与发展趋势,描述了国内研究学者在树种选择、木材软化与顺纹压缩、木材弯曲等方面的研究成果,提出高效利用木材资源、提升自动化程度、提高木材弯曲精度的发展趋势,为今后国内实木顺纹压缩弯曲技术的研究提供借鉴。     

Design of a low-density wood-cement particleboard for interior wall finish

Gypsum boards form a very large part of the building walls and ceilings finishing market. However, they have poor screw-withdrawal resistance, low hardness and are highly sensitive to moisture. The objective of this study was to determine whether it is possible to make wood-cement particleboards of the same density as gypsum boards while avoiding these drawbacks.Wood-cement particleboards were made by pouring the wood-cement paste in a mould. This was made possible by adding a viscosity modifying mixture to the mixing water and a set accelerating mixture to improve wood/cement compatibility. The mechanical properties and surface quality of the wood-cement particleboards were improved by using, on the board surfaces, paper sheets that were the same as those used on gypsum boards.The average specific gravity of the wood-cement particleboards was the same as gypsum boards, at 0.7. The average bending modulus of rupture obtained for the wood-cement particleboards was 10 MPa in the finishing paper principal direction and 5 MPa in the other direction compared to 5.5 MPa and 1.6 MPa respectively for gypsum boards. The average screw-withdrawal resistance of wood-cement particleboards was 570 N, that is, 1.7 times higher than for gypsum boards.