Initial density dependence of experimental viscosities and of calculated diffusion coefficients of the binary vapor mixtures methanol-benzene and methanol-cyclohexane

The paper reports experimental results for the viscosity of the vapor mixtures methanol-benzene (five mole fractions with densities up to 1.5kg·m^–3 and 0.022 mol·L ^–1) and methanol-cyclohexane (four mole fractions with densities up to 1.9kg·m^–3 and 0.026 mol·L ^–1). In analogy to the pure components, the measurements on the mixtures were carried out with an oscillating-disk viscometer with small gaps, completely made of quartz, beginning as near as possible to room temperature and continuing to a maximum temperature of 630 K. A first evaluation by means of the Chapman-Enskog theory of dilute gases has shown differences in the resulting values of the interaction viscosity _ij ⁽⁰⁾ in the limit of zero density exceeding the experimental errors. Consistent results were obtained by taking into account the initial density dependence of the viscosity within the framework of the modified Enskog theory for gaseous mixtures. The values of _ij ⁽⁰⁾ were also used to estimate binary diffusion coefficients of the mixtures.     

Viscosity of binary mixtures. I. mono-, di-, and tri-n-butyl and -n-octylamine with cyclohexane

Viscosities for six binary mixtures of n-butylamine, di-n-butylamine, tri-n-butylamine, n-octylamine, di-n-octylamine, and tri-n-octylamine with cyclohexane have been measured at 303.15 K with an Ubbelohde suspendedlevel viscometer. Deviations of viscosities from a rectilinear dependence on mole fraction are attributed to H-bonding and to the size of alkylamine compounds. The application of the Eyring's theory of activation energy is examined. The free volume theory of Prigogine-Flory-Patterson (PFP) and the experimental excess enthalpy have been used to estimate excess viscosity ln = (ln / ₁ ⁰ – x ₂ ln ₂ ⁰ / ₁ ⁰ ) and corresponding free volume, enthalpy, and entropy contributions for five binary mixtures of tri-n-alkylamine: triethyl, tripropyl, tributyl, trihexyl, and trioctylamine with cyclohexane. A comparison of experimental and theoretical excess viscosities indicates a failure of the PFP theory when two components of the mixture differ considerably in size. The size difference contribution to excess viscosity is related to (V ₂ ^*1/2 – V ₁ ^*1/2 ), where V ₁ ^* and V ₂ ^* are hard-core volumes of two components of the mixture.     

一种改进的OSID的图像匹配算法

针对OSID在构建描述符时未考虑一个特征点的图像块里存在其他特征点,以及生成直方图描述子匹配速度较慢的问题,提出一种基于OSID的改进二进制描述符。在OSID描述符构建的过程中,扇形个数m的选择是固定的,因此提出当一个特征点的图像块里有多个特征点时,尝试将m的值自适应,丰富描述子所包含的信息,提高算法的正确匹配率;并将OSID最后生成的直方图描述子编码成二进制描述子,使用汉明距离代替欧氏距离进行图像匹配,提高算法的匹配速度。在标准数据集上进行测试,结果表明在复杂的视点变化、图像模糊和JPEG压缩等场景下,改进OSID的匹配精度优于同类描述符以及原算法。     

k分搜索的时间复杂度分析

分治策略的思想是将一个规模较大的问题分解为多个形式相同的子问题来解决。搜索是指在一个排好序的数组中寻找与给定数值x相等的元素,传统的搜索算法是遍历,而二分搜索是一种基于分治策略的搜索算法。二分搜索是将数组每次分为相等的两部分,将待查元素x与数组中间的元素比较,若相等则搜索成功;否则将搜索范围缩小为原来的一半,之后以此类推,直到找到待查元素,与遍历相比,二分搜索复杂度明显降低。以二分搜索为基础,每次可以将数组分为更多部分,即k分搜索,探寻k为何值时k分搜索算法的时间复杂度最低,能够对搜索算法进一步优化。通过分析、归纳与证明,得出k分搜索的时间复杂度为O(klog_kn),由于该函数是递增的,因此二分搜索是效率最高的搜索算法,复杂度为O(log₂n);此外,当k=n时,k分搜索退化为遍历,复杂度退化为O(n)。     

低消耗免查找表CORDIC算法

为减少传统流水线型CORDIC(Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer)算法的硬件资源消耗和输出时延,在包含查找表的三阶段CORDIC算法实现基础上,提出一种免去查找表环节的CORDIC算法实现方法.提出的改进算法直接使用四次移位相加的迭代运算替换查找表结构从而显著降低寄存器消耗,同时通过合并迭代降低迭代次数进而有效减少最大输出时延,并综合运用角度二极化重编码(Binary To Bipolar Recoding,BBR)方法和角度区间折叠技术保证了输出精度.使用Verilog HDL语言在ISE14.2软件平台上对三种算法进行具体实现,利用XST工具对其进行综合,并通过MATLAB建模计算得到算法的正余弦值输出误差.仿真实验结果表明:在输出位宽均设置为16位的情况下,免查找表CORDIC算法能够有效地输出正余弦值;与传统流水线型算法相比,免查找表算法的寄存器资源消耗减少大约74.42%,计算所需的时钟周期降低68.75%,其输出精度也有明显改善;与三阶段算法相比,免查找表算法的寄存器消耗减少大约43.3%.本文提出的免查找表CORDIC算法具有实时性强、输出精度高、硬件资源消耗少等优势,更适用于高速实时的现代数字通信系统应用.     

Ultra-low latency and omit-iteration CORDIC algorithm

The pipeline structure Coordinate Rotation Digital Computer (CORDIC) algorithm improves its precision by increasing the stages of iterations, which leads to a large delay, excessive consumption of hardware and limits its applications.The omit-iteration CORDIC algorithm is proposed to solve this problem by using the methods of binary to bipolar recoding, folding angle domain, merging iteration and optimizing the lookup table. Simulation results show that this method needs only two clock cycles to get the output and also makes improvement on the hardware consumption and its precision, especially having privilege to the application on high speed and real-time occasions compared with other realization of the CORDIC algorithm.     

一种高效二进前馈神经网络学习算法

为解决二进前馈神经网络(BFNN)缺乏高效实用学习算法的问题,提出一种新的融合自适应调节结构和权值的BFNN学习算法.该算法借鉴并改进了极限学习机(ELM)方法,可以高效地训练单隐层的BFNN来解决分类问题.为了满足网络的训练精度,算法可以自动增加隐层神经元个数和调节网络隐层及输出层神经元权值;同时为了提高网络的泛化精度,算法通过建立二进神经元敏感性作为度量隐层神经元重要性的尺度,自动地裁剪重要性小的神经元,并对裁剪损失的信息进行补偿.实验结果验证了该算法在处理离散分类问题时的可行性和有效性.     

Sr对Mg-1.7Si合金中初生和共晶Mg_2Si相的变质作用

为了获得性能优良的耐热镁合金,研究了Sr对初生和共晶Mg_2Si相的变质作用,并利用扫描电子显微镜观察了Mg_2Si相的形貌特征与Mg-1.7Si-x Sr合金的微观组织.结果表明,当Sr的质量分数处于1.0%~1.5%范围内时,可对初生和共晶Mg_2Si相进行有效变质.Sr的吸附作用可以诱发孪晶沟槽、旋转晶界等原子扩展台阶的出现,引起原子堆砌方式和晶体生长方向的改变,因而Sr可对初生Mg_2Si相起到变质作用.Sr的添加还可将Mg+Mg_2Si共晶的长大方式由合作长大模式变为以重新形核为主兼有合作长大的混合模式,使得Mg_2Si相的生长形态产生改变,因而Sr可对共晶Mg_2Si起到变质作用.     

Evolution of insoluble eutectic Si particles in anodic oxidation films during adipic-sulfuric acid anodizing processes of ZL114A aluminum alloys

The effects of insoluble eutectic Si particles on the growth of anodic oxide films on ZL114A aluminum alloy substrates were in-vestigated by optical microscopy (OM) and scanning electron microscopy (SE...     

基于非参数假设检验的拓扑推断算法

针对基于门限比较的二叉树修剪拓扑推断算法稳健性差的问题, 提出了一种基于非参数假设检验的网络拓扑推断算法. 该算法首先应用经典的二叉树拓扑推断算法获得树状网络的二叉树结构, 然后应用维尔科克森秩和检验算法逐个判断二叉树中的每条内部链路是否需要修剪, 最后修剪二叉树, 删除所有需要修剪的内部链路, 得到真实的树状拓扑. 由于该算法使用统计检测的方法, 无需设置门限, 相对门限比较法具有更好的稳健性. 仿真实验表明, 该算法相比基于门限的二叉树修剪算法具有更高的推断精度.