Critical fluidization velocities and maximum bed pressure drops of homogeneous binary mixture of irregular particles in gas-solid tapered fluidized beds

Recently, tapered fluidized bed has become more attractive because of the problems associated with conventional (cylindrical) beds like fluidization of widely distributed particles, entrainment of particles and limitation of fluidization velocity. There have been some investigations on hydrodynamics of uniform single size particles but there have been no detailed studies of homogeneous binary mixture of particles of different sizes and different particles in tapered beds. In the present work, an attempt has been made to study the hydrodynamic characteristics of homogeneous binary mixture of irregular particles in tapered beds having different tapered angles. Correlations have been developed for important characteristics, especially critical fluidization velocities and maximum bed pressure drops of homogeneous binary mixture of irregular particles in gas-solid tapered fluidized beds. Experimental values of critical fluidization velocities and maximum bed pressure drops have been compared with the developed correlations.     

Y／BAPO-5双结构分子筛的制备及催化合成长链烷基苯

采用水热合成法制备Y／BAPO-5双结构分子筛催化剂,并通过X射线衍射（XRD）进行表征。采用固定床反应器考察了Y／BAPO-5催化剂催化苯和长链烯烃合成长链烷基苯的反应活性,根据实验确定了最佳工艺条件：Y沸石的最佳负载质量分数30％,催化剂粒度（60～80）目,用量10mL,空速1h^-1,n（苯）：n（长链烯烃）=8：1,反应温度200℃,压力1.0MPa。在此条件下,长链烯烃转化率可高达99．56％。     

Property‐averaging applied to determination of volume contraction in binary‐solid liquid‐fluidized beds

This communication examines experimental information from the literature on the volume contraction that can occur when two monocomponent particle species that have a diameter ratio and a buoyancy‐corrected density ratio on opposite sides of unity are subjected to liquid fluidization as a binary mixture. Attempts are made to predict this volume contraction by applying monocomponent bed expansion equations using averaged properties of the binary solids. It was found that this method works better if the equations are anchored to experimental monocomponent voidages by the fractional bed volume change that they predict than if the equations are used directly. However, greater prediction accuracy can be achieved by correlation of the adjustable parameter G of the Westman, Am Ceramic Soc, 19 , 127–129, (1936) equation, originally applied to binary packed beds.     

基于扩散偶浓度分布模型的薄壁铜(管头)-铝(管路)-铜(接头)组合制冷管路异质金属联接技术工程研究

在中国国家自然科学基金项目《金属间化合物/陶瓷复合材料界面设计及关键制备工艺》资助下,以大幅降低制冷器铜管使用为目的,提出铜(管头) 铝(管路) 铜(管头)组合制冷管路结构,核心科学问题是Cu Al异质金属的密封焊接,提出总结性科学研究报告。 以表征异种金属材料焊接扩散规律为目的,探索基于菲克扩散定理的插入式Cu Al热连接模型。认为原子向空穴迁移或在节点间的迁移是固态金属和合金中的基本扩散运动,在溶剂晶格中溶质原子异扩散(AD)具有方向性,导致溶质原子浓度有局部变化。金属在加热或冷却过程中的相变和组织变化总是与扩散过程(DP)密切相关。固态压焊(SSPW)时,DP是确定再结晶(Recrystallization)和激活面(Surface Activation)之间结合后使焊接接头性能改善的主要过程。建立起扩散过程中溶质原子分布的一维扩散模型,由菲克第一定律建立扩散通量与扩散物质浓度和单向扩散距离的关系模型,由菲克第二定律获得扩散物单向扩散浓度模型,通过玻耳兹曼变换(Boltzmann Transform)求解任何时刻的一维浓度分布c(y,t),建立基于高斯误差函数(GEF)erf(β)的扩散偶浓度分布模型(CDM)和扩散偶浓度分布曲线(CDC)。基于CDM,建立CDC、扩散系数、原始接触面(OCS) 浓度、理论均匀化判别等工程应用层面的Cu Al焊接扩散模型。     

利用CASIO9750编程计算双组分体系泡点参数

文章利用CASIO9750编程计算中低压条件下双组分物系的泡点参数,通过对甲醇一水体系进行编程计算,结果表明：利用编程计算法所得的泡点温度及汽相组成与实验值非常接近,此方法可以作为工程中计算两相平衡数据的快捷方法。     

超大视场头盔显示光学系统设计

设计了大视场头盔显示器的目视光学系统,用于满足头盔显示器对大视场、小畸变、高分辨率以及轻量化的苛刻要求.采用4×3阵列式排列、视场角为33°×24°的12组高质量成像目镜系统拼接成单眼目视光学系统来实现系统的大视场设计.为了使系统轻量化,每个单元目镜只采用一片透镜;透镜一面采用二元光学衍射面,利用其特殊色散特性校正目镜系统色差;另一面采用非球面,用于校正目镜光学系统的初、高级单色像差.其图像源为高亮度、高分辨率的OLED微显示器.设计结果显示:单目目视光学系统水平视场达到120°,垂直视场为60°,角分辨率为43 pixel/(°);单个目镜系统传递函数在40 lp/mm处,轴上视场高于0.62,全视场高于0.1;系统畸变小于3％;系统的双目视场为160°×60°,双目重叠视场为80°×60°.该设计实现了超大视场,满足头盔显示光学系统的成像要求.     

采用双星卫星定位系统对察尔森水库大坝变形的监测

应用GPS和GLONASS双星定位系统及GMX902 GG双频卫星接收机,对察尔森水库大坝表面变形进行监测,通过精密解算,获得的水平位移和垂直位移量可达到毫米级乃至亚毫米级的精度,可对水库大坝变形进行预警,为大坝的稳定性、安全性和防洪决策提供科学依据。     

混凝土工程中外加剂与硫铝酸盐水泥适应性研究

结合混凝土工程实际,考虑水灰比因素,选取硼酸缓凝剂、聚羧酸高效减水剂和萘系高效减水剂,进行了"水泥+缓凝剂"、"水泥+减水剂"的二元体系和"水泥+缓凝剂+减水剂"的三元体系的相容性对比试验,并探究延时加入碳酸锂速凝剂对已缓凝水泥浆凝结时间重塑的影响。结果表明:减水剂饱和掺量选取可只进行"水泥+减水剂"的二元体系适应性试验;缓凝剂凝结时间试验应进行"水泥+缓凝剂+减水剂"的三元体系适应性试验;引入时间重塑率Pt的概念,描述速凝剂的促凝效果。试验可知碳酸锂有良好的促凝作用,但对时间重塑能力有极限,存在一个最佳掺量。     

低共熔溶剂协同超声波提取红枣中总黄酮的研究

以红枣作为原料,采用低共熔溶剂协同超声波提取红枣中的总黄酮.试验首先遴选氯化胆碱/乙二醇体系作为低共熔溶剂,然后在单因素试验的基础上进行正交试验,得到红枣总黄酮的最佳提取工艺条件.结果表明:在红枣粉过60目筛、60℃C的提取条件下,低共熔溶剂协同超声波提取红枣中总黄酮的最佳工艺条件为低共熔溶剂稀释10倍、料液比1:22...     

Power loss minimization considering short‐circuit capacity in distribution system with decentralized distributed generation

In the future, a large number of distributed generators are expected to be connected to the distribution system. However, with the connected capacity of distributed generation (DG) increasing, the problems of short‐circuit capacity (SCC) over the interrupting capacity of the circuit breaker (CB) and power loss increases due to reverse power flow from DG are inevitable. In this paper, a reconfiguration methodology based on an optimal algorithm is applied to the distribution system with DG to minimize power loss, taking into account the SCC. Moreover, in order to further reduce the loss, the daily load variation is also considered and the optimal model decided by calculations. Finally, to illustrate its application, the methodology is applied to a case study of a 33‐bus system with decentralized DG units. The results show that this method is obviously able to reduce power loss and make the network operate in the optimal mode with normal load variation, at the same time decreasing the SCC within the interrupting maximum of the faulty CB. Moreover, the whole voltage profile is also improved. © 2012 Institute of Electrical Engineers of Japan. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Inc.