Breakthroughs in Key Technologies and Prospects of the Biomass Industry

The development of biomass industry demands that biomass become general industrial raw materials in biochemical engineering and that raw material structure, process conversion and product characteristics be organically combined. Refining techniques for selectively separating the components of the raw materials and multilevel directional conversation of biomass are important, for they not only produce product but also help to achieve clean conversion with minimum power consumption, optimum efficiency and maximum value. This paper analyzes the resource situation, industry prospects and the current predicament of biomass industry, and concludes that the fundamental approach to achieve industrialization of biomass is to break through key technical restriction and thus solve the technical-economical problems. The breakthrough of biomass industry key technology and process integration are the basis for bio-based product diversification from different raw material, which under the bio-refining ideas of multi-layered and multi-level integrated utilization. The spring of biomass industry develop-ment has arrived.     

大力发展可再生能源是解决能源问题的主要途径

较系统地介绍了国内外矿物燃料的资源量、可采储量、消费量和使用年限.研究分析了国外可再生能源的发展现状和前景,介绍了我国可再生能源开发利用的情况和前景.     

“双碳”下金属纳米颗粒优化暗发酵制氢策略及前景

氢能是“双碳”下推动化石能源低碳转型的重要方向,微生物暗发酵制氢是实现生物质绿氢转化的有效途径。其中,利用具有量子尺寸效应、比表面积大和电导率高的金属纳米颗粒（MNPs）优化暗发酵制氢技术是近年研究热点。综述和评论了国内外添加MNPs用于优化暗发酵制氢性能的作用机制、技术难点和制氢效果等,重点阐述并比较了铁、镍和锌基三类热门MNPs优化策略在提高产氢酶系活性、增强代谢产氢途径和优化微生物群落结构等方面的作用,展望了暗发酵制氢可深入MNPs优化氢化酶活性、拓宽生物质发酵底物以及产氢菌筛选和反应器设计、生物质发酵技术开发等研究方向和应用前景。     

生物质气化特性的实验研究

在小型固定气化炉和中型气化炉内对典型生物质进行气化实验,分别采用空气、氧气及水蒸气作为气化介质。实验分析了物料、气化温度、气化剂及气化剂流量等影响因素发生变化时对气化产气特性的影响。研究表明,物料含可燃质高时,产气品位也好;随着气化温度的升高,产气中可燃气含量增加;空气作气化剂时产气的热值低于氧气作气化剂时的产气热值;气化剂的流量发生变化时,气化产气成分也相应改变。     

白地霉发酵过程中菌体量检测方法的研究

探讨了白地霉发酵过程中菌体量的检测方法,对白地霉的细胞组分麦角固醇和氨基葡萄糖,能否作为菌体量检测指标的可行性进行了比较分析。结果表明:氨基葡萄糖在白地霉细胞中的含量较为稳定,在不同的培养时间、培养条件和培养基中都有较好的稳定性,可以作为白地霉菌体量的检测指标;麦角固醇受培养时间和培养基成分的影响较大,含量不稳定,不太适合作为白地霉菌体量的检测指标。用氨基葡萄糖法测得的白地霉生长曲线与用干重法测得的生长曲线变化一致,能够较为准确地反映白地霉菌体量变化。将此方法应用到白地霉固态发酵中,可快速得到白地霉固态发酵过程中的菌体量变化,为以后固态发酵菌体量的测定提供了依据。      

Preparation and Adsorption Properties of Biomass Activated Carbon from Ginger Stems

Biomass activated carbon(BAC) was produced from ginger stems by carbonization and activation presented high specific surface areas and mesoporous structures. The carbonization temperature of the ginger stems were controlled within 500～900℃. The optimal carbonization condition is as follows: carbonization temperature of 700℃, carbonization time of 6 h. The determined optimum activation condition is: temperature of 800℃, activator of KOH and carbonized product/alkali ratio of 1:4(w/w). The carbonization yield, BAC yield and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller(BET) surface area were measured and the adsorption performance of BAC to nitrogen was investigated. The results showed that the nitrogen adsorption isotherm curve was as type I isotherm. It was finally determined that the BET surface area was 660 m~2/g under the abovementioned optimal conditions of carbonization and activation. The FESEM analysis indicates that the obtained BAC is of micropore structure.     

国内外乙烯生产工艺的研究现状与展望

通过介绍乙烷脱氢,催化裂解,甲烷氧化偶联和甲醇转化及生物质乙醇脱水制乙烯等方法,阐述了乙烯制备的工业进展,并与传统催化裂解方法相比较,说明了其优缺点;分析了生物质乙醇脱水制乙烯原理与方法,生物质乙醇的来源,与其脱水制乙烯的优点以及国内外研究现状和发展前景。     

木屑生物质活性炭脱除气体SO2的实验研究

以木屑作为制备生物质活性炭的原料,对比研究未改性、采用氨水和NaOH活化对SO2吸附性能的影响,以探讨木屑生物制活性炭对SO2吸附的可行性。研究结果表明随着吸附时间的增加,未活化的、氨水活化以及NaOH活化的木屑炭对SO2的吸附量都增加;活化后的木屑炭吸附SO2的性能比未活化的木屑炭要好;NaOH活化的木屑炭比氨水活化的木屑炭吸附SO2能力强,NaOH比氨水的活化效果更好。采用生物质活性炭来吸附烧结烟气中的SO2是可行的。