宁夏花儿艺术馆钢结构-混凝土结构共同工作分析研究

为探讨地震响应分析时混凝土下部结构对上部钢结构的影响,以宁夏花儿艺术馆为例建立了上部钢结构和下部混凝土结构共同工作的有限元模型,对模型分别进行了静力分析、小震作用弹性分析、大震作用动力弹塑性时程分析等.此外,还探讨了在罕遇地震下混凝土结构的弹塑性性质对整体结构的影响.结果表明,在共同工作条件下,上部钢结构的静、动力位移和内力都有较大程度的提高.在结构设计时,必须考虑下部支撑结构的放大效应.     

Manipulation of gasification coal feed in order to increase the ash fusion temperature of the coal enabling the gasifiers to operate at higher temperatures

Coal is a crucial feedstock for South Africa’s unique synfuels and petrochemicals industry and used by Sasol as a feedstock to produce synthesis gas via the Sasol-Lurgi Fixed Bed Dry Bottom (FBDB) gasification process. The ash fusion temperature (AFT) gives detail information on the suitability of a coal source for gasification purposes, and specifically to which extent ash agglomeration or clinkering is likely to occur within the gasifier. Ash clinkering inside the gasifier can cause channel burning and unstable operation.Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers are currently operated with the philosophy of adding an excess of steam to the process to control the H₂/CO ratio of the syngas produced, but indirectly also to control the maximum gasifier temperature below the AFT of the coal. An opportunity exists to increase the AFT of the coal fed to the gasifiers by adding AFT increasing minerals to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. For the aim of this study a South African coal source was investigated, as being used by the gasification operations in Secunda.With the specific aim of this study, to increase the AFT, the determination of the AFT of the coal blends where acidic components such as silica (SiO₂), alumina (Al₂O₃) and titania (TiO₂) were added was conducted. The Al₂O₃ had the biggest and most significant effect on the AFT with the least addition to the coal blend. The effect of SiO₂ and TiO₂ were very similar, but the effect was much smaller and further Al₂O₃ was needed to increase the AFT to a similar AFT level in comparison to the SiO₂ used. Kaolinite, roof and floor components (containing mainly Al₂O₃ and SiO₂) were also added, also showing an increase in the AFT with up to 4 mass% addition. Another observation was that the AFT was non-additive (not a linear weighted calculated average) and not the weighted average AFT as was expected for the other coal properties such as the ash content, for example. The ash slagging characteristics is a non-additive property of individual coal sources in the blend and therefore difficult to predict.In general it can be concluded that the unique opportunity exists to increase the AFT, was tested, proven and mechanistically outlined in this study on the coal source fed to the Sasol-Lurgi FBDB gasifiers. The AFT can be increased to >1350 °C by adding AFT increasing minerals or species to the coal blend before it is fed into the gasification process. By increasing the AFT, the direct effect will be that steam consumption can be decreased, which in turn will improve carbon utilization.     

烟囱的环保设计简述

水泥厂烟囱高度的计算,已不单纯从满足工艺生产的需要,还应满足环保的要求进行计算确定。文章着重阐述了烟囱高度的计算模式(其计算方法分为二步:第一步,烟囱抬升高度;第二步,依照大气扩散的数学模式以保证大气质量为标准来确定必要的烟囱高度。)以及计算模式中输入参数(大气质量控制标准、大气风速、大气稳定度等)的讨论。通过实例(以水泥厂5000t/d熟料生产线为例)演示计算出窑尾烟囱和冷却机烟囱的高度。生产实践表明,严格按照国标规定的要求进行设计计算烟囱的高度,是能满足环保要求的。     

乌东德水电站表孔体型优化研究

乌东德水电站坝址处河谷狭窄,覆盖层深厚,施工详图设计阶段拱坝厚高比增加,表、中孔相对位置发生变化,存在表孔自由溢流水体击打中孔弧门、表中孔水舌碰撞后形成的横向溅水冲击透水边坡及水垫塘底板冲刷较深等问题。通过1〖DK(〗∶〖DK)〗50水工整体模型试验及方案比选,对表孔出口位置、型式进行了优化研究,使表孔水舌横向扩散,纵向分层明晰,表中孔碰撞消能后水垫塘底板冲刷轻微,边坡横向溅水强度基本与自然降水相当。研究成果可为工程设计及安全运行提供技术支撑。     

基于镜像源方法的室内声场脉冲响应仿真

针对基于室内声场脉冲响应描述声场音质特性时其精确度不高的问题,以经典镜像源方法为核心,讨论了基于变换频域和反射系数的改进算法.以矩形空间为具体实例,给定接收点和声源位置,并利用计算机仿真室内声场脉冲响应.在不同参数条件下,对各个算法进行了分析,估计了能量衰减曲线和房间混响时间.结果表明,基于变换频域和反射系数的改进算法具有更高的准确性和可靠性.     

采用底部开缝立方体劈拉试件测定混凝土起裂断裂韧度

为了测定混凝土起裂断裂韧度,提出了一种采用底部开缝立方体劈拉试件的试验方法,并采用数值分析方法拟合了该加载条件下缝尖的应力强度因子计算公式,通过测量高度为１００ｍｍ、２００ｍｍ和３００ｍｍ,缝高比为０．２、０．３、０．５和０．７的立方体劈拉试件及三点弯曲梁试件的起裂荷载,进而计算起裂断裂韧度并研究其尺寸效应。结果表明,采用底部开缝立方体劈拉试件和三点弯曲梁试件测定的起裂韧度基本一致,计算结果皆无明显尺寸效应,说明提出的方法能够有效测定混凝土起裂断裂韧度。与传统的三点弯曲梁方法相比,该方法具有试件制备简单、试验操作方便等优点,为现有的混凝土断裂参数实验测定提供有效补充。     

三河口水利枢纽泄洪消能工体型优化试验研究

通过水力学模型对三河口水利枢纽泄洪消能工体型进行了试验研究。结果表明:两底孔出口采用矩形不对称宽尾墩形成的窄缝体型,三表孔采用左、右表孔差动式齿坎与中表孔舌型鼻坎组合的优化方案具有表孔、底孔出口水舌上下分层、前后拉开、横向扩散的特点,从而改善了水垫塘内的水流流态,提高了消能效率,水垫塘底板所受动水冲击压力及脉动压力达到了设计要求。     

污泥燃烧特性及动力学分析

利用热重分析方法对污水污泥、罐底油泥的燃烧进行了试验研究。结果表明:污泥的主要失重阶段为挥发分的析出燃烧阶段,升温速率的提高使得污泥燃烧由于热滞后现象向高温区域偏移,燃烧特性指数呈升高趋势。随升温速率的增加,污泥的着火温度呈升高趋势。采用C-R方法求解动力学参数,确定燃烧机理。结果表明:污水污泥低温段的燃烧机理为随机成核和随后生长,高温段的燃烧机理为二维扩散,罐底油泥低温段的燃烧机理为随机成核和随后生长,高温段的燃烧机理为三维扩散。     

螺旋驱动掘进机几个螺旋参数的研究

以粉质黏土中螺旋驱动掘进机的驱动部件和土体的相互作用为研究背景,选取影响螺旋拉力的3个不同参数进行模型试验.分析发现,螺旋杆件结构参数对其提供拉力大小的影响主次关系顺序为:压底距>牙型角>齿高;并按照提供拉力最大的情况,得出一组最佳螺旋结构特征参数组合,最后经数据回归分析,得出拉力与螺旋结构各参数间的回归方程.     

中小型综合性体育馆建筑声学处理方法的研究

目前,体育馆的功能与以往相比有了很大的扩展,除了体育训练和比赛外,还经常用于文艺表演、会议、音乐演出等需要,成为了典型的多功能厅.本文针对中小型体育馆的特点和使用功能,介绍了其分类、声学设计的标准、建声设计的内容以及噪声控制等各方面的内容,希望对读者有借鉴作用.