具有中介状态砌体结构的可靠性分析

实际工程中,结构通常应具有“安全-中介-失效”工作模式,这里的“中介”即为“故障”,是系统(或结构)既不能完全发挥其应有的全部功能,又不是完全不能发挥其全部功能,是一种具有不确定性的中介状态.应用王光远先生所提出的具有“安全-中介-失效”三级工作模式的结构的可靠性分析方法,利用设计基准期50年内结构底部剪力、层剪力(或层弯矩)等的概率分布为极值Ⅱ型的特点,建立了具有中介状态的砌体结构可靠性向量的计算方法.分析一实际的砌体结构,应用此方法求出结构在地震作用下对应的安全概率(可靠度)、中介概率PM和失效概率PF,它们联合起来构成可靠性向量[PR,PM,PF].     

黄河高含沙洪水"揭河底"机理探讨

“揭河底”发生前,河床上存在着不同时期形成的淤积物,随着淤积条件的变化,河床纵比降和横断面形态会进一步调整,当河床调整到一定程度时,若发生“晾河底”等现象,则为河床成层成块淤积物的形成以及块体边界剪应力及层间黏合力的消弱创造了条件,若遇大中尺度涡漩形成,垂向能量向底层传递,垂向紊动,脉动特性增强,在忽略层间黏合力和块体间的边界垂向剪应力条件下,水体可能掀动的河床淤积物块体厚度,取决于河床淤积物块体密度,浑水体密度以及作用在淤积物块体上下表面的脉动压力的最大可能振幅之和,脉动压强与时均压强的大小无关,大致与断面平均流速水头成正比,在合理确定和表达糙率系数及平均流速后,推导出了洪水可能掀起的淤积物块体最大厚度计算表达式,当河床淤积物块体厚度小于此计算值时,涡漩引起的垂向脉动特征增强可能在随机条件下促发“揭河底”发生。     

I — an interactive program for calibrating activated sludge systems

I — an interactive program for calibrating activated sludge systems is formulated and demonstrated. The model involves a heuristic screening algorithm for exploring the system equations structure, analytical computations of the sensitivities of the variables to the model coefficients, analytical computations of the gradients of the objective functions selected for the calibration process, and a gradient interactive steepest descent minimization scheme. The methodology was implemented in an end-user PC program: I , that uses the TK S ® and M ® as computational engines, and as the shell. Applications to the activated sludge system models of (Argaman Water Research 29(1) and Argaman et al. (Journal of Environmental Engineering ASCE 125(7) (1999), 608-617) are presented.     

Generalized fuzzy h-bi-ideals and h-quasi-ideals of hemirings

A new kind of generalized fuzzy h-ideals of a hemiring, namely, the (∈,∈∨q)-fuzzy h-bi-ideal (resp., h-quasi-ideal) is studied and the relationships between these generalized fuzzy h-ideals are described. Some characterization theorems of prime and semiprime (∈,∈∨q)-fuzzy h-bi-ideals (resp., h-quasi-ideals) of a hemiring are also given. In particular, we show that the h-hemiregular hemirings and h-intra-hemiregular hemirings can be described by using some of their generalized fuzzy h-ideals. Finally, the implication-based fuzzy h-bi-ideals (resp., h-quasi-ideals) of a hemiring are considered.     

浸水条件下膨胀性红层砂岩地基扩底桩抗拔承载特性

红层砂岩在我国中西部地区分布广泛,浸水条件下其力学特性变化大,因而合理确定红层砂岩地基中抗拔桩承载力是工程设计关注的问题。通过引入温度场比拟湿度场的三维弹塑性有限元数值分析方法,开展了浸水条件下扩底抗拔桩基础承载特性模拟,研究了不同桩长扩底桩浸水前后承载力变化以及塑性区分布特征。模拟结果表明: 浸水将导致红层砂岩扩底桩的抗拔极限承载力降低,浸水前后桩基抗拔极限承载力均随桩长增加而增加,但浸水后承载力随桩长的增加值有一定减小。抗拔极限状态下,桩周土体塑性区分布在空间上呈楔形体加四棱柱体的组合形式,浸水将导致塑性区缩小,但随着桩长增加,塑性区面积有一定扩大。     

消力池底板上举力的神经网络模型预测

利用BP人工神经网络的非线性映射功能,结合水槽中两种主要消能形式的模型试验,以流场中作用在板块上表面实测脉动压力为变量,构建了一个简单的上举力预测系统.经过实测资料验证,该系统预测效果较好.本文的研究成果对消力池安全实时监测具有一定的意义.     

A simple approach for robust economic design of control charts

Robust economic control chart designs incorporating robustness with regard to the uncertainty in the cost and process parameters, reported in the literature, fall into two broad categories. One category of robust economic designs considers the uncertainty in the estimates of the cost and process parameters and makes the design suitable to operate well in any scenario arising out of the uncertainty. Other category of robust economic design considers different possible discrete scenarios for a single process and makes the control chart robust to all possible scenarios. The approach suggested for the robust designs for each category is different and somewhat complicated. The present paper proposes a design approach by introducing a simple statistic for the robust economic design problem of a ‘process with multiple scenarios’. SGA has been used in the optimization. The suggested statistic handles the information regarding the relative frequency of occurrence of each scenario of the process for the robust designs.     

Multivariate time series modeling and classification via hierarchical VAR mixtures

A novel class of models for multivariate time series is presented. We consider hierarchical mixture-of-expert (HME) models in which the experts, or building blocks of the model, are vector autoregressions (VAR). It is assumed that the VAR-HME model partitions the covariate space, specifically including time as a covariate, into overlapping regions called overlays. In each overlay a given number of VAR experts compete with each other so that the most suitable one for the overlay is favored by a large weight. The weights have a particular parametric form that allows the modeler to include relevant covariates. Estimation of the model parameters is achieved via the EM (expectation-maximization) algorithm. A new algorithm to select the optimal number of overlays, the number of VAR models and the model orders of the VARs that define a particular VAR-HME model configuration, is also developed. The algorithm uses the Bayesian information criterion (BIC) as an optimality criterion. Issues of model checking and inference of latent structure in multiple time series are investigated. The new methodology is illustrated by analyzing a synthetic data set and a 7-channel electroencephalogram data set.     

Characterizations of context-sensitive languages and other language classes in terms of symport/antiport P systems

We give “syntactic’’ characterizations of context-sensitive languages (CSLs) in terms of some restricted models of symport/antiport P systems. These are the first such characterizations of CSLs in terms of P systems. In particular, we show the following for any language L over a binary alphabet:

(1)

Let m   be any integer ≥1$\ge 1$. Then L is a CSL if and only if it can be accepted by a restricted symport/antiport P system with m membranes and multiple number of symbols (objects). Moreover, holding the number of membranes at m, there is an infinite hierarchy in computational power (within the class of binary CSLs) with respect to the number of symbols.