Applying the kriging method to predicting irradiance variability at a potential PV power plant

One-second irradiance data from forty-five sensors spaced over a one-mile square section of land were analyzed to characterize the short-term (1-s to 1-min) variability of the solar resource in Northern Arizona. The geostatistical interpolation model known as kriging was applied to our data set to better understand the method's strengths and weaknesses in accurately predicting the variations in the irradiance over this relatively small section of land. Of particular interest was to investigate the ability of the kriging method to show the variation in solar irradiance over the section of land as compared to that measured by the sensors. When using data from all the sensors as input to the prediction method, kriging performed very well compared to the sensors. However, because it is unlikely to have a large number of sensors to characterize the variability at a prospective solar site, it was also of interest to investigate how many sensors are required as input to the kriging technique in order to generate a reliable prediction. Solar data from four characteristic periods (related to the four seasons) were analyzed, and different sensor configurations, consisting of subsets of the actual sensor array, were employed using the method to demonstrate the number of sensors required to correctly characterize the short-term irradiance variability at the site. Using four measurement stations as input to the kriging method was shown to reasonably represent the variability in the 1-s to 1-min timescales.     

高炉水渣排汽筒在线更换改造技术

为根本解决宝钢股份炼铁厂一号、二号高炉水渣排汽筒筒体腐蚀破损问题,对4根水渣排气筒进行了更新改选,针对工程中,FRP玻璃钢管安装难度大,采取了多种辅助安装措施,确保了工程改选的顺利进行。     

State variable analysis of hydrological systems

The concepts of state and state variables are introduced. From a mathematical point of view the concept of state variables provides the means of transforming a differential equation of any order into an equivalent set of first-order equations. From a physical point of view the state of a system, specified by numeric values of the system state variables at a given time, contains all the relevant information about the system necessary to predict the behaviour of the system in the future. The state variable concept is thus very much suited for analysis of dynamic systems. Examples of the state variable concept applied to analysis of discharge from a reservoir and from two reservoirs operating in series are presented.     

烧结脱硫系统运行维护分析

通过分析钢铁企业烧结烟气脱硫系统运行中的常见故障及其原因,提出了相应的措施和对策,以指导湿式石灰-石膏法烧结烟气脱硫系统的运行管理及其日常维护、保养工作。     

Zero-current Switching Series Resonant High-voltage DC-DC Converter with Series-connected Primary Windings of Center-tapped Transformer

Abstract—This article proposes a novel zero-current switching series resonant inverter-fed voltage multiplier based high-voltage DC-DC converter. The series resonant inverter in the proposed topology has two power switches (insulated-gate bipolar transistors), two resonant capacitors, and only one high-voltage transformer with center-tapped primary windings. The power switches are connected in the form of a half-bridge network. The leakage inductances of the transformer's primary windings together with resonant capacitors form two series resonant circuits. The series resonant circuits are fed alternately by operating power switches with an interleaved half-switching cycle. The secondary winding of the high-voltage transformer is connected to a voltage multiplier circuit to rectify and boost the voltage. The converter operates in discontinuous conduction mode, and its output voltage is regulated by pulse-frequency modulation. Therefore, all the power switches turn ON and OFF at the zero-current switching condition. The main features of the proposed converter are lower power loss, less cost, and smaller size compared to previously proposed series resonant high-voltage DC-DC converters. The experimental results of a 130-W prototype of the proposed converter are presented both for dynamic and steady-state operation. The results confirm the excellent operation and performance of the converter.     

并网运行风/光/储微电网容量配置双目标优化

目前关于微网电源容量配置的研究主要针对独立运行情况,虽配置结果可保证系统运行的可靠性,但增加了冗余投资。针对并网运行的风/光/储微电网,制定了其运行策略,分别建立了微网经济性和供电可靠性模型,采用多目标模拟退火粒子群优化算法求取模型的最优解集,得到了微网中风力和光伏发电及储能系统容量配置方案。结果表明,相比于独立运行,在相同的可靠性要求下,以并网运行的角度配置风/光/储微电源容量关系,可明显降低微网投资成本。     

基于时间序列关联分析的稳定运行规则提取方法

提出一种考虑运行方式变化时序的稳定规则提取方法。利用主成分分析进行敏感特征提取。对传统方法在数据标准化中存在的问题,通过数据均值化处理,保留原数据中各变量变异程度的差异信息,实现在保证原始数据分类识别     

互联电网运行控制性能评价标准研究(三)新标准的指标设计

基于所提出的评价标准新构架和3个标准的设计思想,针对中国电网运行具体实际,对各标准指标的构造进行了理论探索,给出了3个标准的指标备选方案。其要点是:将行业标准中频率合格百分数指标转化为概率指标,以适应中国的电网质量考核方式;针对频率安全的实际关注点,设计积分型的频率安全标准指标形式,并给出了离散采样情况下的指标样式;无意交换电量标准中时段长度可选,可适应不同的结算时间尺度;对所设计的各项标准的重合度进行分析,明确了各标准同时设置的必要性。     

二次设备对时防抖技术及时间同步监测方案

智能变电站全站二次设备的同步及采样等工作依赖于站内统一授时装置,这既要求授时装置输出的时间信息精确、稳定,同时也要求被授时装置能够正确的处于相对应的同步状态。重点介绍了智能变电站的二次设备基于FPGA的防抖技术,并介绍了二次设备时间同步监测方案,详细阐述了监测方案的上送流程及评估手段,并给出了安全工作的合理化建议,为解决智能变电站当前时间同步体系处于开环非反馈状态提供参考。     

考虑风速时空分布及风机运行状态的风电场功率计算方法

大规模风电并网背景下,准确计算风电场输出功率对调度控制和电网安全运行至关重要。以区域内测风塔观测的分钟到小时级平均风速和风向为输入,研究风机地理分布以及风机启停对尾流模型的影响,计及风速在空间分布的时延效应,建立了考虑风速时空分布特性的等效风速模型。在此基础上,进一步考虑风机的机械特性及运行状态,提出了风电场功率计算方法。以某实际风电场地理数据和风机参数为基础的仿真算例验证了所提方法的可行性和合理性。