<Emphasis Type="Italic">In situ</Emphasis> monitoring of solid fat content by means of pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry and ultrasonics

An ultrasonic technique was developed to study the crystallization process of edible fats on-line. A chirp wave was used instead of the conventional pulser signal, thus achieving a higher signal-to-noise ratio. This enabled measurements to be made in concentrated systems [≈20% solid fat content (SFC)] through a 8.11-cm thick sample without significant signal loss. Fat samples were crystallized at 20, 25, and 30°C at a constant agitation rate of 400 rpm for 90 min. The crystallization process was followed by ultrasonic spectroscopy and a low-resolution pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometer. Specific relationships were found between ultrasonic parameters [integrated response, time of flight (TF), and full width half maximum] and SFC. TF, which is an indirect measurement of the ultrasonic velocity (v), was highly correlated to SFC (r ²>0.9) in a linear fashion (v=2.601 SFC+1433.0).     

A surrogate-based optimization method with RBF neural network enhanced by linear interpolation and hybrid infill strategy

In engineering, it is computationally prohibitive to directly employ costly models in optimization. Therefore, surrogate-based optimization is developed to replace the accurate models with cheap surrogates during optimization for efficiency. The two key issues of surrogate-based optimization are how to improve the surrogate accuracy by making the most of the available training samples, and how to sequentially augment the training set with certain infill strategy so as to gradually improve the surrogate accuracy and guarantee the convergence to the real global optimum of the accurate model. To address these two issues, a radial basis function neural network (RBFNN) based optimization method is proposed in this paper. First, a linear interpolation (LI) based RBFNN modelling method, LI-RBFNN, is developed, which can enhance the RBFNN accuracy by enforcing the gradient match between the surrogate and the trend observed from the training samples. Second, a hybrid infill strategy is proposed, which uses the surrogate prediction error based surrogate lower bound as the optimization objective to locate the promising region and meanwhile employs a linear interpolation-based sequential sampling approach to improve the surrogate accuracy globally. Finally, extensive tests are investigated and the effectiveness and efficiency of the proposed methods are demonstrated.     

HYDRODYNAMIC STUDIES IN A HALF SLOT-RECTANGULAR SPOUTED BED COLUMN

Experiments were carried out in a half slot-rectangular spouted bed to investigate the effects of slot width and lower section basal angle on column hydrodynamics. Flow regimes, minimum spouting velocity, spouting and maximum pressure drops, and maximum spoutable bed height were determined for 4 mm diameter polyethylene particles. The results are compared with those for conventional cylindrical and rectangular spouted beds. Correlations for each hydrodynamic parameter are developed and compared with equations available in the literature.     

配置高强钢筋的混凝土梁裂缝试验研究

采用两点对称集中的同步分级加载方式,对8根配置500MPa钢筋和4根配置400MPa细晶钢筋的混凝土梁进行静力加载试验,观测试件的裂缝发展过程,了解此类构件的裂缝特点,为工程中推广应用500MPa钢筋和400MPa细晶钢筋提供试验依据。试验结果表明,配置500MPa钢筋和400MPa细晶钢筋的受弯构件裂缝发展规律与普通钢筋混凝土受弯构件基本相同,但在正常使用状态下,按照现行混凝土结构设计规范对此类构件进行裂缝宽度验算,计算值均大于试验值。同时,结合其它67根配置高强钢筋的混凝土梁试验数据,评估了现行混凝土结构设计规范裂缝宽度公式的适用性,并在该规范的计算模式基础上,提出平均裂缝间距及短期最大裂缝宽度计算的修正公式,修正公式的计算结果与试验结果符合较好。     

SVPWM在有源滤波器中的应用及仿真研究

有源滤波器控制策略的优劣直接决定其滤除谐波的性能,采用空间矢量脉宽调制技术实现对谐波的调制,并进行仿真验证.仿真结果表明,该算法产生的脉宽指令作为逆变器中各开关器件的通断控制信号,控制的结果能保证补偿电流实时跟踪其指令电流的变化,精确度与准确度均可满足系统要求.     

Crack elongation and its width of large depth reinforced concrete beams

In order to meet the requirement of structural inspection,the crack spacing and crack width at various heights in the tensile zone of six large depth reinforced concrete beams were measured under several loading levels of serviceability state.The effects of the depth of normal section beams on the crack spacing and crack width were analyzed,and the modified model is proposed for calculating the average crack spacing by thinking about the depth of normal section,the reinforcement arrangement and the effective reinforcement ratio.The relationships of crack widths at any position in the tensile zone and at the reinforcement level on the side surface of beam were studied.By theoretical and statistical analysis,a method is proposed to calculate the ratios of crack widths between any position and the reinforcement level on the side surface of large depth reinforced concrete beams.     

K~-原子能级移动与能级宽度的计算

通过对K-原子的理论分析,利用DD光学模型势,数值求解相应的Klein-Gordon方程,得到了从K6-Li到K5？6 Ni中N=Z的K？原子的能级移动和能级宽度,理论计算结果与实验数据基本一致,其结果表明了DD光学模型势在K-原子中应用的正确性.     

截面线特征直接提取的离散曲率法

特征提取是逆向工程的重要步骤,其中截面线特征点的弱化是需要解决的关键问题.提出用离散曲率法提取特征点,曲率表达式包含了高斯核函数曲线,选用了合适的离散尺度因子.根据一阶和二阶离散曲率曲线的局部极值点,确定出截面线特征点集,进行特征点的融合,输出最终的截面线特征点集.通过与文献算法的输出进行比较,表明本算法提取的截面线特征点不容易有漏检和误检,能最大限度地与原有形状特征元保持一致.仿真输出实例证实了本算法的适用性和有效性.     

板宽对板形影响的实验研究

采用实验的方法对板宽对板形的影响进行了较为系统的研究,发现了板凸度随板宽变化的一些规律。该研究结论对制定与完善板带轧制规程、提高板形质量具有重要意义。     

电机控制中混合空间矢量脉冲宽度调制的分析与仿真

直接转矩控制利用选择电压矢量达到磁链和转矩的控制,而参考矢量的变化导致各个矢量的等效作用时间发生变化.传统的直接转矩控制在电机磁链脉动和电流脉动方面存在一定的缺陷.SVPWM电压型逆变器换向序列与定子磁链脉动有一定关系,本研究在混合空间矢量脉宽调制方法的基础上研究了不同换向序列的定子磁链均方根脉动大小,并根据脉动量最小的原则将每个磁链扇区分成5个不同的区域,每个不同区域通过采用不同的换向序列,从而极大的减少了磁链的脉动.通过逆变器仿真和快速傅立叶变换分析了交流电机在改进混合SVPWM下的电流仿真结果,并与常规方法进行比较,验证了上述方法的有效性,为进一步研究直接转矩的性能改善奠定了基础.