民国时期南京、武汉、重庆三座城市的历史文化内涵与建筑个性的比较分析(上)

民国时期先后作为首都和陪都的南京、武汉、重庆,同属长江流域,具有类似的地理环境,其时兴建的民国建筑,开创了我国传统建筑吸收西方技术开展城市设计的先河。三地又依城市所处环境不同而保持了各自的地域建筑特色,这为当下提供了有益的借鉴:既要传承历史,又要合理吸收西方先进设计理念,同时兼顾自然地理环境和市场需求,以建设具有中国特色的城市文化。     

Coupled shear‐flexural model for dynamic analysis of fixed‐base tall buildings with tuned mass dampers

An equivalent discrete model is developed for time domain dynamic analysis of uniform high‐rise shear wall‐frame buildings with fixed base and carrying any number of tuned mass dampers (TMDs). The equivalent model consists of a flexural cantilever beam and a shear cantilever beam connected in parallel by a finite number of axially rigid members that allow the consideration of intermediate modes of lateral deformation. The proposed model was validated by a building whose lateral resisting system consists of a combination of shear walls and braced frames. The results showed the effectiveness of TMDs to reduce the peak displacements, interstory drift ratio, and accelerations when the building is subjected to a seismic load. The root mean square accelerations due to along‐wind loads also decrease if TMDs are attached to the building.     

Enhancing the seismic performance of mid‐rise wood‐frame buildings with rigid spine columns

Wood‐frame buildings (WFBs) are the most commonly used structural systems for residential applications in North America. Past researches have shown that WFBs are susceptible to soft‐story mechanisms. In this study, a simple, efficient, and economical retrofit strategy, which utilizes continuous pinned‐supported rigid spine columns (RSCs) over the height of the building, is proposed. The retrofit aims to provide uniform deformation through the height of the building to prevent soft‐story mechanisms. This retrofit strategy was applied to a six‐story WFB located in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. A three‐dimensional nonlinear finite element model of the prototype building was developed using OpenSees. A comprehensive parametric study was conducted to identify the most economical RSC design. Seismic performance of the prototype building, with and without the most economical RSC design, was assessed through extensive nonlinear time history analyses. Results showed that the proposed retrofit strategy can effectively improve the seismic behavior of WFBs to prevent soft‐story mechanisms.     

建筑雪工程学研究方法综述

建筑雪工程学系指综合物理学、地球环境学、灾害学等交叉学科,从专业角度对建筑（群）及其周围环境冬季受降雪影响进行预测及研究,以抵御由雪灾诱发建筑物倒塌事故的一门学科。从该学科中主要的三种研究方法,即实地观测、试验研究以及数值模拟为切入点对三者的发展进行梳理与深入剖析。对于实地观测,总结了国外规范中考虑风致雪漂移和热力融雪等影响因素的研究历程与相应理论模型的建立,并指出今后我国实测工作应以对足尺建筑屋面积雪特性及其演变机理为重心;通过对近年来试验研究工作的概括总结,梳理了现今试验研究的四种手段,并明确了对应试验手段相似准则的建立与参数的选取,同时指出今后在我国建立专业风雪试验的必要性;通过对CFD数值模拟方法研究进展的回顾,总结了目前数值模拟已取得的成果与存在的不足,为考虑因素全面的新数值模拟方法的发展指明方向。     

装配式建筑外部效益分配问题研究——基于讨价还价博弈

基于外部性理论,提出装配式建筑产生的外部效益应该在各利益方之间均衡分配,实现外部效益向内部化转换,从而激发各利益主体推广装配式建筑的热情。在系统分析装配式建筑产生的外部效益的基础上,构建了政府、开发商和消费者三方之间的讨价还价博弈模型。现阶段只有满足开发商及消费者的最佳期望效益值,才能不断促使装配式建筑增量及转型。因此,为寻求最优的外部效益分配方案,构建了两种不同的博弈模型。一种是基于三大利益方的共同博弈模型,另一种是开发商与消费者达成短暂联盟与政府进行的讨价还价博弈。实证研究表明,开发商与消费者形成联盟方对分配结果有较大的影响。当开发商和消费者达成短暂联盟进行博弈时双方的分配额度都将增加,从而极大地增加了参与装配式建筑的积极性。     

Buildings and Bibles Between Profanization and Sacralization: Semiotic Ambivalence in the Protestant Dutch Bible Belt

Based on an ethnographic case study of three recently erected church buildings in the Dutch Bible Belt, this article demonstrates how orthodox Reformed congregations in the Netherlands define church buildings—especially the auditoria—and bibles as simultaneously profane and mediating the sacred. These at first glance ambivalent discourses are informed by a particular semiotic ideology, which maintains that material spaces and objects like these are sacralized if, and only if, individual believers can meaningfully relate them to their personal spiritual experiences. This ideology makes a primary attitude of profanization of material forms indispensable, because any preexistent sacredness of matter would precisely rule out these personal spiritual experiences.     

Rapid visualization of the potential residential cost savings from energy storage under time-of-use electric rates

Buildings feature a prominent role in electric grid loading, as they use about 75% of the total electricity generated in the United States and are main drivers of electric peak demand in the summer due to electrically driven air conditioning systems. Energy storage is a key technology that can increase energy cost savings, and add flexibility to the grid. However, cost is an important factor to consider. This study proposes a rapid approach that allows for visualization of potential cost savings by introducing energy storage as a peak load control for residential buildings in California. A combination of EnergyPlus load data generation, Matlab post-processing, and Google Fusion Tables data presentation analyses the potential cost savings when energy storage is implemented and TOU rates are applied. The study presents potential annual cost savings of $420 per home with storage capacities of 24?kWh.     

装配式建筑项目投资风险评价

推行装配式建筑是建筑产业化的必然趋势。与传统建筑相比,装配式建筑不仅在施工和技术等方面有所不同,在投资风险管理,以及投资风险评价指标的选用上也存在差异。从政策、市场、技术、经济及管理 5 个层面进行投资风险影响剖析,据此建立装配式建筑项目投资风险评价体系。通过问卷调研以及 SEM 结构方程模型拟合,得出相应的评价指标权重,并结合案例,实现对装配式项目投资风险的定量评价,为装配式项目的投资风险评价提供了参考依据。     

建筑节能设计及外墙外保温的应用

随着对节约能源与保护环境的要求的不断提高,建筑的节能技术也在日益加强,尤其是外墙保温技术得到了较快的发展,并成为我国一项重要的建筑节能手段。本文介绍了建筑热工方面建筑节能的设计和建筑节能中外墙外保温技术及其应用。     

"三下"煤炭资源回收难易程度的权重分析-模糊综合评价研究

详细分析了“三下”煤炭资源加收难易程度的影响因素，阐述了权重分析－模糊综合评判的基本原理，以建筑物下煤炭资源为例讨论了确定各影响因素权重的过程，在此基础上结合实例给出了“三下”煤炭资源回收难易程度的模糊综合评价过程，并进行了验证分析，为“三下”煤炭资源补偿费征收、“三下”煤炭资源评价与管理以及“三下”采煤方案的科学决策提供理论与方法依据。