建筑物下开采方案优化研究

采用理论分析、数值模拟等方法，对某矿区南翼村庄下条带开采方案设计和地表沉陷规律进行了研究；在不同的开采条件下，采用概率积分法对各条带开采方案进行地表沉陷预计。研究结果确定了矿区南翼村庄下15号煤仅开采顶分层，采高为3 m，条带布置方案为采70 m留90 m煤柱。采用该方案后，地表最大下沉量为206 mm，倾斜为-1.47~1.29 mm/m，水平变形-0.4~1.0 mm/m，均小于建筑物Ⅰ级损坏标准，开采方案是安全可靠的。     

Protection value and functional service life of heritage timber buildings

ABSTRACT

The development of objective methodologies for the preventive conservation of historic buildings is extremely relevant to mitigate the deterioration of buildings and sites with exceptional cultural value. In this sense, there is a growing need to develop comprehensive, coherent plans to manage, preserve and protect heritage buildings in areas that are extremely susceptible to natural disasters, such as the case of the Pacific coast of South America. Two methodologies are presented in this study to assess the functional service life and protection level of cultural heritage in Chile. This research intends to establish a correlation between the functional performance of heritage buildings and the Chilean code related to the definition of the preservation of historic heritage buildings. This study applies both methodologies to 25 heritage buildings (timber housing) located in the city of Valdivia, Chile. A multiple linear regression analysis is applied in order to rank the influence of the variables used to define the protection level, according to the Chilean standard, in the functionality index of timber heritage constructions. The information obtained in this study is exceptionally relevant for the researchers and stakeholders responsible for the definition and implementation of maintenance programmes in building stocks.     

On the nexus of changing public facilities management practices: purposive and co-creative actions across multiple levels

Building on a practice-oriented approach and the theoretical construct of institutional work, the organizational nexus of changing practices for public facilities management is conceptualized in a multi-level framework. To support the conceptual framework, changing management practices are illustrated with the help of real-life experiences gained in a case study of a strategy project in a Swedish public construction client organization with the goal of developing a strategic facilities plan. These real-life examples, captured through interviews and field observations, cohere with the research method of narrative inquiry. The framework envisions projective agencies of various actors, both human and non-human (objects), in change processes. Findings show how key actors, through collaborative co-creation processes, take different complementary roles when promoting new practices into a specific organizational setting. By jointly promoting a set of preferred arrangements they establish proto-institutions. In addition, various objects were attributed rhetorical agency to support new public FM practices in that these served as purposeful non-human actors, triggering and legitimizing actions taken. With focus on emerging institutions in the making and especially projective agencies for institutional change, this research contributes to furthered layered understandings on institutional work related to change in construction in general and specifically in public sustainable facilities management.     

Healing built-environment effects on health outcomes: environment–occupant–health framework

ABSTRACT

An investigation examined the structured scientific evidence on healthcare facilities (the healing built environment – HBE) and its impact on patients’ health outcomes under a holistic conceptual evaluative framework. The integrative review considered 127 papers (of which 59 were review papers). It found there was no adequate framework that could integrate existing research findings holistically. Such a holistic framework needs to demonstrate the cumulative and interactive effects of various HBE characteristics on patients’ health outcomes and wellbeing. An environment–occupant–health (E-O-H) framework is proposed, taking a holistic perspective to identify and evaluate different HBE characteristics. The E-O-H framework should support future research by (1) identifying the HBE characteristics that affect health outcomes; (2) defining appropriate future research designs; and (3) understanding the need for holistic analysis of the integrated effects of diverse HBE characteristics on health outcomes.     

Indoor environmental quality,occupant satisfaction,and acute building‐related health symptoms in Green Mark‐certified compared with non‐certified office buildings

Indoor environmental quality (IEQ) has become an important component of green building certification schemes. While green buildings are expected to provide enhanced IEQ, higher occupant satisfaction, and less risks of occupant health when compared with non‐green buildings, the literature suggests inconsistent evidence due to diverse research design, small sample size, and weak statistical analysis. This study compared several outcomes pertinent to IEQ performance in green and non‐green office buildings in Singapore. Adopting a cross‐sectional study design, objective measurements were taken in eight green and six non‐green buildings, and satisfaction and acute health symptom risks of 367 occupants were obtained. Green buildings exhibited lower concentration of PM2.5, bacteria, and fungi and maintained temperature and humidity more consistently compared to non‐green counterparts. The mean ratings for satisfaction with temperature, humidity, lighting level, air quality, and indoor environment were higher in green buildings (with statistical significance P < 0.05). There was statistically significant reduction in risk of occupants having headache, unusual fatigue, and irritated skin in green buildings. Although matching of buildings and occupant characteristics, survey participation bias, and sampling duration (a 1‐week snapshot) of IEQ monitoring remain as limitations, this study offered positive association of green buildings with qualitatively and quantitatively measured performance of IEQ.     

异形柱框架结构在多层住宅设计中的应用

通过在住宅设计中采用异形柱框架结构的实践,探讨了异形柱的结构设计和计算等问题,指出纵横墙交接处布置采用"L"形,"十"形,"T"形等异形柱,可以完全消除室内框架柱凸角,提高有效使用面积,从而更好地满足人们的使用要求.     

可持续·教育·校园生活——具有可持续意识的英国高校学生宿舍建筑评析

本文着重探讨可持续建筑意识在英国高校学生宿舍中的反映及其相关问题,并对近年来英国的一些颇具影响力的作品进行案例分析。     

现存建筑物可靠性评价

探讨了现存建筑物可靠性评价的极限状态方法.提出荷载水平方法,建立了结构构件可靠性评价的极限状态准则.基于结构失效的机构理论,提出结构体系可靠性评价的“破损机构”方法,以使结构成为“破损机构”或“局部破损机构”的“破损截面”的最高等级作为结构体系可靠性评级.     

Torsional coupling effects in the earthquake response of asymmetric buildings

This paper presents a detailed parametric study of the coupled lateral and torsional response of a partially symmetric single storey building model subjected to both steady state and earthquake base loadings. It is shown that the qualitative effects of the controlling parameters on the maximum translational and torsional responses of the coupled system are not affected by the nature of the loading. The maximum lateral edge displacement of the building arising from the combined response effects is investigated. The related lateral shear forces in vertical resisting elements located on the periphery of the structure may be significantly increased in comparison with the corresponding values for a symmetric building. It is concluded that for particular ranges of the key parameters defining the structural system, typical of the properties of many actual buildings, torsional coupling induces a significant amplification of earthquake forces which should be accounted for in their design.     

Model Estimates of the Contributions of Environmental Tobacco Smoke to Volatile Organic Compound Exposures in Office Buildings

Volatile organic compounds (VOC) in office buildings originate from multiple sources, such as outdoor air, building materials., occupants, office supplies, and office equipment. Many of the VOC found in office buildings are also present in environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), e.g., benzene, toluene, formaldehyde. Measurements made to date in office buildings have been interpreted by some to imply that the contributions of ETS to VOC exposures in office buildings are small. We have made a first order estimate of the contributions of ETS to VOC concentrations based on the VOC content of ETS and a time-dependent mass-balance model. Four different ventilation-infiltration scenarios were modelled for a typical office building. The results indicate that ETS can contribute significantly to total indoor levels of VOC in office buildings, even under moderate ventilation conditions. Ranges of concentrations for three of the four modelled scenarios substantially overlapped measured ranges of the compounds in office buildings. Average daytime concentrations of benzene from ETS, for example, for three of the four modelled scenarios, ranged from 2.7 to 6.2 μg m^?3, compared to reported measurements of 1.4 to 8.1 μg m^?3 for four office buildings. Under a “worst reasonable” case scenario, the average modelled ETS-contributed concentration of benzene was 33.9 μg m^?3 for a 40-hour work week.